NBER Working Papers

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1457: The Economics of Content Protection

Michael Mussa

1456: The Capital Inflows Problem Revisited: A Stylized Model of Southern Cone Disinflation

Maurice Obstfeld

1455: Estimating the Covariates of Historical Heights

James Trussell and Kenneth W. Wachter

1454: Patents and R&D: Is There A Lag?

Bronwyn Hall, Zvi Griliches and Jerry Hausman

1453: The Causes of Inflation

Frederic Mishkin

1452: Unionism Comes to the Public Sector

Richard Freeman

1451: Financial Intermediation in the United States

Benjamin M. Friedman

1450: The Changing Cyclical Variability of Economic Activity in the United States

J. Bradford De Long and Lawrence Summers

1449: Relative Factor Price Changes and Equity Prices

Peter J. Elmer and Patric Hendershott

1448: Estimating the Long-Run Relationship Between Interest Rates and Inflation: A Response to McCallum

Lawrence Summers

1447: New Estimates of the Value of Federal Mineral Rights and Land

Michael J. Boskin, Marc S. Robinson, Terrance O'Reilly and Praveen Kumar

1446: Retail Pricing and Clearance Sales

Edward Lazear

1445: The Use of Expected Future Variables in Macroeconometric Models

Ray Fair

1444: Are Business Cycles Symmetric?

J. Bradford De Long and Lawrence Summers

1443: Are Tax Cuts Really Expansionary?

N. Gregory Mankiw and Lawrence Summers

1442: Theories of Wage Rigidity

Joseph Stiglitz

1441: Taxes and Ownership Structure: Corporations, Partnerships and Royalty Trusts

E. Philip Jones and Robert A. Taggart, Jr.

1440: International Policy Coordination in Historical Perspective: A View from the Interwar Years

Barry Eichengreen

1439: Debt Policy and the Rate of Return Premium to Leverage

Alex Kane, Alan Marcus and Robert L. McDonald

1438: Inter-Country Comparisons of Labor Force Trends and of Related Developments: An Overview

Jacob Mincer

1437: Speculative Attack and the External Constraint in a Maximizing Model of the Balance of Payments

Maurice Obstfeld

1436: Adjusting the Gross Changes Data: Implications for Labor Market Dynamics

James Poterba and Lawrence Summers

1435: On the Theory of Optimal Taxation in a Growing Economy

Martin Feldstein

1434: Can an Increased Budget Deficit Be Contractionary?

Martin Feldstein

1433: Debt and Taxes in the Theory of Public Finance

Martin Feldstein

1432: Market Demand, Technological Opportunity and Research Spillovers on R&D Intensity and Productivity Growth

Adam Jaffe

1431: Tied Wage-Hours Offers and the Endogeneity of Wages

Shelly Lundberg

1430: 'Precautionary' Saving Revisited: Social Security, Individual Welfare, and the Capital Stock

Robert Hubbard

1429: Fiscal policy in open, interdependent economies

Willem Buiter

1428: Securities Activities of U.S. Commercial Bank Affiliates: Lessons from the International Financial Markets

Richard M. Levich

1427: Borrowing Abroad: The Debtor's Perspective

Richard N. Cooper and Jeffrey Sachs

1426: Fixed Investment in the American Business Cycle, 1919-83

Robert Gordon and John M. Veitch

1425: Unobservable Family and Individual Contributions to the Distributions ofIncome and Wealth

J. R. Kearl and Clayne L. Pope

1424: Monetary Policy Under Dual Exchange Rates

Robert Cumby

1423: The International Linkage of Real Interest Rates: The European - U.S. Connection

Robert Cumby and Frederic Mishkin

1422: The Open Economy: Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy

Rüdiger Dornbusch and Stanley Fischer

1421: The Short-Run Demand for Money: A Reconsideration

Robert Gordon

1420: Testing the Sorting Model of Education

Andrew Weiss

1419: Raids and Offermatching

Edward Lazear

1418: Wages and Working Conditions

Henry Saffer

1417: International Policy Coordination in Dynamic Macroeconomic Models

Gilles Oudiz and Jeffrey Sachs

1416: Notches

Alan Blinder and Harvey Rosen

1415: Modeling the Term Structure of Interest Rates Under Nonseparable Utilityand Duriability of Goods

Kenneth B. Dunn and Kenneth Singleton

1414: Empirical Tests of Alternative Models of International Growth

Laurence Kotlikoff and Edward Leamer

1413: Asset Markets, Tariffs, and Political Risk

Alan Stockman and Harris Dellas

1412: A Supergame-Theoretic Model of Business Cycles and Price Wars During Booms

Julio Rotemberg and Garth Saloner

1411: On the Rationality of Black Youth Unemployment

Harry Holzer

1410: Cyclical Unemployment: Sectoral Shifts or Aggregate Disturbances?

Katharine Abraham and Lawrence Katz

1409: Dissaving After Retirement: Testing the Pure Life Cycle Hypothesis

B. Douglas Bernheim

1408: The Pricing of Default-Free Mortgages

Stephen A. Buser and Patric Hendershott

1407: Domestic and Foreign Disturbances in an Optimizing Model of Exchange- Rate Determination

Stephen J Turnovsky

1406: Exchange Rate Determination with Systematic and Unsystematic Policy Regime Changes: Evidence From the Yen/Dollar Rate

John Makin and Raymond Sauer

1405: The Impact of OSHA and EPA Regulation on Productivity

Wayne Gray

1404: An Empirical Evaluation of the Disequilibrium Real Wage Rate Hypothesis

Jacques R. Artus

1403: The Impact of Annuity Insurance on Savings and Inequality

Laurence Kotlikoff, John B. Shoven and Avia Spivak

1402: Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality Since 1700: Some Preliminary Findings

Robert Fogel

1401: The Compliance Cost of the U.S. Individual Income Tax System

Joel Slemrod and Nikki Sorum

1400: Ricardian Consumers With Keynesian Propensities

Robert Barsky, N. Gregory Mankiw and Stephen Zeldes

1399: Risk and Return: Consumption versus Market Beta

N. Gregory Mankiw and Matthew Shapiro

1398: Economically Sensible Solutions for Linear Rational Expectations Models with Forward and Backward Looking Dynamic Processes

Michael Mussa

1397: Incentive for the Homogenization of Time Use

Daniel Hamermesh

1396: Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have InformationThat Investors Do Not Have

Stewart C. Myers and Nicholas S. Majluf

1395: Major Changes in Cyclical Behavior

Victor Zarnowitz and Geoffrey H. Moore

1394: The Development and Role of the National Bureau's Business Cycle Chronologies

Geoffrey H. Moore and Victor Zarnowitz

1393: Capital Structure Puzzle

Stewart C. Myers

1392: Are Business Cycles All Alike?

Olivier Blanchard and Mark Watson

1391: The Role of Consumption in Economic Fluctuations

Robert Hall

1390: Household Formations

Patric Hendershott and Marc Smith

1389: Debt, Deficits and Finite Horizons

Olivier Blanchard

1388: An Empirical Model of Wage Indexation Provisions in Union Contracts

David Card

1387: Determinants of Neonatal Mortality Rates in the U.S.: A Reduced Form Model

Hope Corman and Michael Grossman

1386: Was the Transition from the Artisanal Shop to the Non-Mechanized Fctry Assoc. w/Gains in Effcny?: Evdnc. from the U.S. Mnfctr. Censuses of 1820 & 1850

Kenneth Sokoloff

1385: Investment in Fixed and Working Capital During Early Industrialization: Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing Firms

Kenneth Sokoloff

1384: The Heights of Americans in Three Centuries: Some Economic and Demographic Implications

Kenneth Sokoloff

1383: Household Saving: An Econometric Investigation

Patric Hendershott and Joe Peek

1382: Pricing FHA Mortgage Default Insurance

Donald F. Cunningham and Patric Hendershott

1381: Counterfactuals, Forecasts, and Choice-Theoretic Modelling of Policy

Herschel Grossman

1380: Money, The Rate of Devaluation and Interest Rates in a Semi-Open Economy: Colombia 1968-1982

Sebastian Edwards

1379: The Reaction of Reduced-Form Coefficients to Regime Changes: The Case of Interest Rates

Joe Peek and James A. Wilcox

1378: Business Cycles Analysis and Expectational Survey Data

Victor Zarnowitz

1377: Estimated Trade-Offs Between Unemployment and Inflation

Ray Fair

1376: The Cyclical Behavior of Industrial Labor Markets: A Comparison of the Pre-War and Post-War Eras

Ben Bernanke and James Powell

1375: Optimal Taxation by the Monetary Authority

Carl Walsh

1374: Excess Reserves in the Great Depression

James A. Wilcox

1373: Stabilization Policies and the Information Content of Real Wages

Joshua Aizenman

1372: Bequests and Social Security With Uncertain Lifetimes

Andrew Abel

1371: Inventory Fluctuations in the United States Since 1929

Alan Blinder and Douglas Holtz-Eakin

1370: Pension Plan Integration as Insurance Against Social Security Risk

Robert Merton, Zvi Bodie and Alan Marcus

1369: An Examination of Multijurisdictional Corporate Income Taxes Under Formula Apportionment

Roger Gordon and John Wilson

1368: Ruling Out Productivity? Labor Contract Pages and Plant Performance

Casey Ichniowski

1367: Industrial Relations and Economic Performance Grievances and Productivity

Casey Ichniowski

1366: Fuzzy Frontiers of Production: Evidence of Persistent Inefficiency in Safety Expenditures

Casey Ichniowski

1365: Micro-Production Functions Aren't Pretty: Firm-Level and Industry-Level Specification For Inputs and Outputs

Casey Ichniowski

1364: Post-Retirement Adjustments of Pension Benefits

Steven Allen, Robert L. Clark and Daniel Sumner

1363: Uncertain Lifetimes, Pensions, and Individual Saving

Robert Hubbard

1362: Estimation of a Simultaneous Model of Married Women's Labor Force Participation and Fertility in Urban Japan

Tadashi Yamada and Tetsuji Yamada

1361: Social Security and Household Portfolio Allocation

Robert Hubbard

1360: Concepts and Measures of Earnings Replacement During Retirement

Michael J. Boskin and John B. Shoven

1359: Wage Bargaining, Labor Turnover, and the Business Cycle: A Model with Asymmetric Information

Motty Perry and Gary Solon

1358: The Degree of Fiscal Illusion in Interest Rates: Some Direct Estimates

Joe Peek and James A. Wilcox