NBER Working Papers

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13680: Complements versus Substitutes and Trends in Fertility Choice in Dynastic Models

Larry Jones and Alice Schoonbroodt

13679: Principal-agent Incentives, Excess Caution, and Market Inefficiency: Evidence From Utility Regulation

Severin Borenstein, Meghan Busse and Ryan Kellogg

13678: Conservation: From Voluntary Restraint to a Voluntary Price Premium

Matthew Kotchen and Michael Moore

13677: Nominal Debt as a Burden on Monetary Policy

Ramon Marimon, Javier Díaz-Giménez, Giorgia Giovannetti and Pedro Teles

13676: School Markets: The Impact of Information Approximating Schools' Effectiveness

Alejandra Mizala and Miguel Urquiola

13675: The Great Mexican Emigration

Gordon Hanson and Craig McIntosh

13674: Frictional Wage Dispersion in Search Models: A Quantitative Assessment

Andreas Hornstein, Per Krusell and Giovanni Violante

13673: Insurance and Opportunities: A Welfare Analysis of Labor Market Risk

Jonathan Heathcote, Kjetil Storesletten and Giovanni Violante

13672: Votes or Money? Theory and Evidence from the US Congress

Matilde Bombardini and Francesco Trebbi

13671: Trade Policy and Market Power: The Case of the US Steel Industry

Bruce Blonigen, Benjamin Liebman and Wesley Wilson

13670: The American High School Graduation Rate: Trends and Levels

James Heckman and Paul LaFontaine

13669: Labor Outflows and Labor Inflows in Puerto Rico

George Borjas

13668: Does Medicare Save Lives?

David Card, Carlos Dobkin and Nicole Maestas

13667: Do State Laws Affect the Age of Marriage? A Cautionary Tale About Avoidance Behavior

Rebecca Blank, Kerwin Kofi Charles and James Sallee

13666: Using Firm Optimization to Evaluate and Estimate Returns to Scale

Yuriy Gorodnichenko

13665: Strike Three: Umpires' Demand for Discrimination

Christopher A. Parsons, Johan Sulaeman, Michael C. Yates and Daniel Hamermesh

13664: Scaling Up Malaria Control in Africa: An Economic and Epidemiological Assessment

Awash Teklehaimanot, Gordon McCord and Jeffrey D. Sachs

13663: First in the Class? Age and the Education Production Function

Elizabeth Cascio and Diane Schanzenbach

13662: Trade, Diffusion and the Gains from Openness

Andres Rodriguez-Clare

13661: Prejudice and The Economics of Discrimination

Kerwin Kofi Charles and Jonathan Guryan

13660: Financial Structure, Liquidity, and Firm Locations

Andres Almazan, Adolfo de Motta, Sheridan Titman and Vahap Uysal

13659: Exchange Rate Volatility and First-Time Entry by Multinational Firms

Katheryn Russ

13658: How Sovereign is Sovereign Credit Risk?

Francis Longstaff, Jun Pan, Lasse Pedersen and Kenneth Singleton

13657: Health, Economic Resources and the Work Decisions of Older Men

John Bound, Todd Stinebrickner and Timothy Waidmann

13656: Mental Accounting in Portfolio Choice: Evidence from a Flypaper Effect

James Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte Madrian

13655: The Heterogeneous State of Modern Macroeconomics: A Reply to Solow

Varadarajan Chari and Patrick Kehoe

13654: Wage Structure, Raises and Mobility: International Comparisons of the Structure of Wages Within and Across Firms

Edward Lazear and Kathryn Shaw

13653: Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources

Edward Lazear and Kathryn Shaw

13652: Tenure and Output

Kathryn Shaw and Edward Lazear

13651: International Differences in the Adoption and Impact of New Information Technologies and New HR Practices: The Valve-Making Industry in the U.S. and U.K

Ann Bartel, Casey Ichniowski, Kathryn Shaw and Ricardo Correa

13650: Evaluating Asset Pricing Models with Limited Commitment using Household Consumption Data

Dirk Krueger, Hanno Lustig and Fabrizio Perri

13649: Mortality Risks, Health Endowments, and Parental Investments in Infancy: Evidence from Rural India

Ashlesha Datar, Arkadipta Ghosh and Neeraj Sood

13648: Are Teacher Absences Worth Worrying About in the U.S.?

Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor

13647: Firms' Stakeholders and the Costs of Transparency

Andres Almazan, Javier Suarez and Sheridan Titman

13646: Endogenous Entry, Product Variety, and Business Cycles

Florin Bilbiie, Fabio Ghironi and Marc Melitz

13645: The General Equilibrium Incidence of Environmental Mandates

Don Fullerton and Garth Heutel

13644: Patents, Thickets, and the Financing of Early-Stage Firms: Evidence from the Software Industry

Iain Cockburn and Megan MacGarvie

13643: Voluntary Provision of Public Goods for Bads: A Theory of Environmental Offsets

Matthew Kotchen

13642: Open-Access Losses and Delay in the Assignment of Property Rights

Gary Libecap

13641: The Impact of Litigation on Venture Capitalist Reputation

Vladimir Atanasov, Vladimir Ivanov and Kate Litvak

13640: Do Stock Prices Influence Corporate Decisions? Evidence from the Technology Bubble

Murillo Campello and John Graham

13639: Inefficient Credit Booms

Guido Lorenzoni

13638: Gender Based Taxation and the Division of Family Chores

Alberto Alesina, Andrea Ichino and Loukas Karabarbounis

13637: Momentum and Social Learning in Presidential Primaries

Brian Knight and Nathan Schiff

13636: The Effect of Venture Capital on Innovation Strategies

Marco Da Rin and María Penas

13635: The Long and the Short End of the Term Structure of Policy Rules

Josephine Smith and John Taylor

13634: Securing Their Future? Entry And Survival In The Information Security Industry

Ashish Arora and Anand Nandkumar

13633: Does Individual Performance Affect Entrepreneurial Mobility? Empirical Evidence from the Financial Analysis Market

Boris Groysberg, Ashish Nanda and M. Julia Prats

13632: Competing on Standards? Entrepreneurship, Intellectual Property and the Platform Paradox

Timothy S. Simcoe, Stuart Graham and Maryann Feldman

13631: Migration and Trade in a World of Technological Differences: Theory with an Application to Eastern-Western European Integration

Susana Iranzo and Giovanni Peri

13630: A Theory of Retirement

David Bloom, David Canning and Michael Moore

13629: Intertemporal Distortions in the Second best

Stefania Albanesi and Roc Armenter

13628: The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins and Export Growth

Tibor Besedes and Thomas Prusa

13627: Mind the Gap! Consumer Perceptions and Choices of Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans

Florian Heiss, Daniel McFadden and Joachim Winter

13626: Mortality, Mass-Layoffs, and Career Outcomes: An Analysis using Administrative Data

Daniel Sullivan and Till von Wachter

13625: When Does a Mutual Fund's Trade Reveal its Skill?

Zhi Da, Pengjie Gao and Ravi Jagannathan

13624: Taxes and the Global Allocation of Capital

David Backus, Espen Henriksen and Kjetil Storesletten

13623: Information, School Choice, and Academic Achievement: Evidence from Two Experiments

Justine Hastings and Jeffrey M. Weinstein

13622: Happiness, Contentment and Other Emotions for Central Banks

Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch

13621: Do On-Line Labor Market Intermediaries Matter? The Impact of AlmaLaurea on the University-to-Work Transition

Manuel Bagues and Mauro Sylos-Labini

13620: Pass-through of Exchange Rates and Competition Between Floaters and Fixers

Paul Bergin and Robert Feenstra

13619: Foreign Capital and Economic Growth

Eswar Prasad, Raghuram Rajan and Arvind Subramanian

13618: Do Multinationals' R&D Activities Stimulate Indigenous Entrepreneurship? Evidence from China's "Silicon Valley"

Hongbin Cai, Yasuyuki Todo and Li-An Zhou

13617: Teacher Credentials and Student Achievement in High School: A Cross-Subject Analysis with Student Fixed Effects

Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor

13616: Technology, International Trade, and Pollution from U.S. Manufacturing

Arik Levinson

13615: Relative Goods' Prices, Pure Inflation, and the Phillips Correlation

Ricardo Reis and Mark Watson

13614: Revisiting the Income Effect: Gasoline Prices and Grocery Purchases

Dora Gicheva, Justine Hastings and Sofia Villas-Boas

13613: The Transmission of Domestic Shocks in the Open Economy

Christopher Erceg, Christopher Gust and David Lopez-Salido

13612: Goods Trade and International Equity Portfolios

Fabrice Collard, Harris Dellas, Behzad Diba and Alan Stockman

13611: The Affine Arbitrage-Free Class of: Nelson-Siegel Term Structure Models

Jens Christensen, Francis Diebold and Glenn Rudebusch

13610: Routes of Infection: Exports and HIV Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa

Emily Oster

13609: Mechanisms for the Association Between Maternal Employment and Child Cognitive Development

John Cawley and Feng Liu

13608: The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins

Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes and Andrei Shleifer

13607: New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability

Dale F. Gray, Robert Merton and Zvi Bodie

13606: Segregation and Black Political Efficacy

Elizabeth Oltmans Ananat and Ebonya L. Washington

13605: Canada's Pioneering Experience with a Flexible Exchange Rate in the 1950s:(Hard) Lessons Learned for Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy

Michael Bordo, Ali Dib and Lawrence Schembri

13604: Financial Risk in the Biotechnology Industry

Joseph H. Golec and John A. Vernon

13603: Business Cycle Fluctuations and the Life Cycle: How Important is On-The-Job Skill Accumulation?

Gary Hansen and Selahattin Imrohoroglu

13602: Capital Flows to Developing Countries: The Allocation Puzzle

Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and Olivier Jeanne

13601: Did Firms Substitute Dividends for Share Repurchases after the 2003 Reductions in Shareholder Tax Rates?

Jennifer L. Blouin, Jana Smith Raedy and Douglas Shackelford

13600: Maternal Employment and Childhood Obesity: A Search for Mechanisms in Time Use Data

John Cawley and Feng Liu

13599: The Mortality Cost to Smokers

W Viscusi and Joni Hersch

13598: The Political-Economy Positive Role of the Social Security System in Sustaining Immigration (But Not Vice Versa)

Edith Sand and Assaf Razin

13597: Bank Failures in Theory and History: The Great Depression and Other "Contagious" Events

Charles Calomiris

13596: Whoa, Nellie! Empirical Tests of College Football's Conventional Wisdom

Trevon Logan

13595: Body Composition and Wages

Roy Wada and Erdal Tekin

13594: Measuring the Values for Time

Raymond B. Palmquist, Daniel Phaneuf and V. Smith

13593: Incentive Conflict In Central-Bank Responses to Sectoral Turmoil in Financial Hub Countries

Edward Kane

13592: Measuring the Welfare Gain from Personal Computers: A Macroeconomic Approach

Jeremy Greenwood and Karen Kopecky

13591: Modeling Great Depressions: The Depression in Finland in the 1990s

Juan Carlos Conesa, Timothy Kehoe and Kim Ruhl

13590: Policy with Dispersed Information

George-Marios Angeletos and Alessandro Pavan

13589: Factor Endowments and the Returns to Skill: New Evidence from the American Past

Joseph Kaboski and Trevon Logan

13588: Global Yield Curve Dynamics and Interactions: A Dynamic Nelson-Siegel Approach

Francis Diebold, Canlin Li and Vivian Yue

13587: Too Good to Be True? An Examination of Three Economic Assessments of California Climate Change Policy

Robert Stavins, Judson Jaffe and Todd Schatzki

13586: The Impacts of Renminbi Appreciation on Trades Flows and Reserve Accumulation in a Monetary Trade Model

Li Wang and John Whalley

13585: How Much Uncompensated Care do Doctors Provide?

Jonathan Gruber and David Rodriguez

13584: Real Options in a Dynamic Agency Model, with Applications to Financial Development, IPOs, and Business Risk

Thomas Philippon and Yuliy Sannikov

13583: Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Demographic Dividend

David Bloom, David Canning, Günther Fink and Jocelyn Finlay

13582: Temporary Help Services Employment in Portugal, 1995-2000

Rene Boeheim and Ana Rute Cardoso

13581: Evaluating the Impure Chinese VAT Relative to a Pure Form in a Simple Monetary Trade Model with an Endogenous Trade Surplus

John Whalley and Li Wang