NBER Working Papers

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33803: Should Governments Restrict Foreign Investments in Startups?

Fiona Paine, Richard R. Townsend and Ting Xu

33802: Convergence? Thoughts About the Evolution of Mainstream Macroeconomics Over the Last 40 Years

Olivier Blanchard

33801: Political Control Over Redistricting and the Partisan Balance in Congress

Kenneth Coriale, Daniel A. Kolliner and Ethan Kaplan

33800: College Course Shutouts

Kevin Mumford, Richard Patterson and Anthony Yim

33799: Firms' Inflation and Wage Expectations during the Inflation Surge

Erwan Gautier, Frédérique Savignac and Olivier Coibion

33798: Targeted Education Transfers Reduced Long-Run and Intergenerational Ethnic Inequality in Chile

Adrienne Lucas, Patrick McEwan and David Torres Irribarra

33797: Changes in the College Mobility Pipeline Since 1900

Zachary Bleemer and Sarah Quincy

33796: Firm Quality Dynamics and the Slippery Slope of Credit Intervention

Wenhao Li and Ye Li

33795: Shifting Work Patterns with Generative AI

Eleanor Dillon, Sonia Jaffe, Nicole Immorlica and Christopher T. Stanton

33794: Revisiting the Forecasts of Others

Ryan Chahrour and Kyle Jurado

33793: Migration and Regime Change: Outflows Follow Democratic Decline, Inflows Fuel Illiberal Drift

Assaf Razin

33792: The 2025 Trade War: Dynamic Impacts Across U.S. States and the Global Economy

Andres Rodriguez-Clare, Mauricio Ulate and Jose P. Vasquez

33791: Separation of Church and State Curricula? Examining Public and Religious Private School Textbooks

Anjali Adukia and Emileigh Harrison

33790: Litigation Risk and the Valuation of Legal Claims: A Real Option Approach

Jose Portela, Eduardo S. Schwartz and Jaime Aparicio Garcia

33789: Renewable Asset Price Volatility and Its Implications for Decarbonization

Harrison Hong, Jeffrey D. Kubik and Edward P. Shore

33788: What Economists Should Know about the 340B Drug Discounting Program

Charles Courtemanche and Joseph Garuccio

33787: Job Amenity Shocks and Labor Reallocation

Sadhika Bagga, Lukas Friedrich Mann, Aysegul Sahin and Giovanni Violante

33786: Culture and Contemporary Political Preferences

Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini

33785: Who Benefits from Place-Based Policies? Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data

Philipp Grunau, Florian Hoffmann, Thomas Lemieux and Mirko Titze

33784: The Tariff Tax Cut: Tariffs as Revenue

George Alessandria, Jiaxiaomei Ding, Shafaat Khan and Carter B. Mix

33783: Acquiring Patents in Secret: Disclosure Timing in Markets for Technology

George Chondrakis, Carlos Serrano and Rosemarie Ziedonis

33782: In Good Company: Coethnic Advisors and Career Paths of Immigrant Ph.D. Students

Caroline Fry and Britta Glennon

33781: Gene x Environment Interactions: Polygenic Scores and the Impact of an Early Childhood Intervention in Colombia

Orazio Attanasio, Gabriella Conti, Pamela Jervis, Costas Meghir and Aysu Okbay

33780: The Social Returns to Public R&D

Andrew Fieldhouse and Karel Mertens

33779: Location Effects or Sorting? Evidence from Firm Relocation

Pauline Carry, Benny Kleinman and Elio Nimier-David

33778: Risk Markups

Sebastian Di Tella, Cedomir Malgieri and Christopher Tonetti

33777: Large Language Models, Small Labor Market Effects

Anders Humlum and Emilie Vestergaard

33776: Divorce, Family Arrangements, and Children's Adult Outcomes

Andrew Johnston, Maggie R. Jones and Nolan Pope

33775: Who You Gonna Call? Gender Inequality in External Demands for Parental Involvement

Kristy Buzard, Laura Gee and Olga Stoddard

33774: Entrepreneurial Spawning from Remote Work

Alan Kwan, Ben Matthies, Richard R. Townsend and Ting Xu

33773: The Decline of Bank Branching

Rajesh P. Narayanan, Dimuthu Ratnadiwakara and Philip Strahan

33772: Tariffs as Cost-Push Shocks: Implications for Optimal Monetary Policy

Iván Werning, Guido Lorenzoni and Veronica Guerrieri

33771: Making America Great Again? The Economic Impacts of Liberation Day Tariffs

Anna Ignatenko, Ahmad Lashkaripour, Luca Macedoni and Ina Simonovska

33770: Is ESG a Sideshow? ESG Perceptions, Investment, and Firms' Financing Decisions

Roman Kräussl, Joshua Rauh and Denitsa Stefanova

33769: Fiscal Redistribution Risk in Treasury Markets

Roberto Gomez Cram, Howard Kung, Hanno Lustig and David Zeke

33768: Assessing the Estimands and Estimates of Hospitalization Rates in Health Economics and Clinical Medicine

Aditya Jain, Gil Peled, Filip Obradovic, Federico Crippa, Yeshaya Nussbaum, Michael Gmeiner, Daniela Ladner and Charles Manski

33767: Universal Pre-K as Economic Stimulus: Evidence from Nine States and Large Cities in the U.S

C. Kirabo Jackson, Julia A. Turner and Jacob Bastian

33766: Transformative and Subsistence Entrepreneurs: Origins and Impacts on Economic Growth

Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Jeremy Pearce and Marta Prato

33765: Management and Firm Dynamism

Raffaella Sadun, Rachel J. Schuh, Jonathan S. Hartley, John van Reenen and Nicholas Bloom

33764: The Impacts of Grade Retention Policy With Minimal Retention

Jordan S. Berne, Brian A. Jacob, Christina Weiland and Katharine O. Strunk

33763: Healthcare Provider Bankruptcies

Samuel Antill, Jessica Bai, Ashvin Gandhi and Adrienne Sabety

33762: When Do FOMC Voting Rights Affect Monetary Policy?

Vyacheslav Fos and Nancy R. Xu

33761: Mobile Crisis Response Teams Support Better Policing: Evidence from CAHOOTS

Jonathan Davis, Samuel Norris, Jadon Schmitt, Yotam Shem-Tov and Chelsea Strickland

33760: Fragile Financing? How Corporate Reliance on Shadow Banking Affects their Access to Bank Liquidity

Viral Acharya, Manasa Gopal and Sascha Steffen

33759: Optimal Tariffs When Labor Income Taxes Are Distortionary

Narayana Kocherlakota

33758: Paid Sick Leave and Maltreatment

Monica Deza, Johanna Maclean and Alberto Ortega

33757: Global Shocks, Institutional Development, and Trade Restrictions: What Can We Learn from Crises and Recoveries Between 1990 and 2022?

Joshua Aizenman, Hiro Ito, Donghyun Park, Jamel Saadaoui and Gazi Uddin

33756: From Delay to PayDay: Easing Bureaucrat Access to Implementation Information Strengthens Social Protection Delivery

Eric Dodge, Yusuf Neggers, Rohini Pande and Charity Moore

33755: Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Response of Labor Migration to Economic Shocks

Andrea Foschi, Christopher House, Christian Proebsting and Linda Tesar

33754: Bank Financing of Global Supply Chains

Laura Alfaro, Mariya Brussevich, Camelia Minoiu and Andrea Presbitero

33753: Assessing Reproducibility in Economics Using Standardized Crowd-sourced Analysis

Abel Brodeur, Seung Yong Sung, Edward Miguel, Lars Vilhuber and Fernando Hoces de la Guardia

33752: How Much Can Families Afford to Pay for College?

Peter Hinrichs

33751: Putting US Fiscal Policy on a Sustainable Path

Karen Dynan and Douglas Elmendorf

33750: Climate Boards: Do Natural Disaster Experiences Make Directors More Prosocial?

Sehoon Kim, Bernadette A. Minton and Rohan G. Williamson

33749: Corporate Actions as Moral Issues

Zwetelina Iliewa, Elisabeth Kempf and Oliver G. Spalt

33748: The Myth of U.S. Dollar Dominance in Japanese Exports: New Evidence from Japanese Customs Level Data

Uraku Yoshimoto, Kiyotaka Sato, Takatoshi Ito, Junko Shimizu, Yushi Yoshida and Taiyo Yoshimi

33747: The Power of Persuasion: Causal Effects of Household Communication on Women's Employment

Namrata Kala and Madeline McKelway

33746: Cigarette Taxes and the Household Budget

Michael Darden, Reginald B. Hebert, Michael Pesko and Samuel Sturm

33745: Evaluating Recent Crackdowns on Disability Benefits: Effects on Income and Health Care Use in Australia

ManasI Deshpande, Greg Kaplan and Tobias Leigh-Wood

33744: Place Based Economic Development and Tribal Casinos

Randall Akee, Maggie R. Jones and Emilia Simeonova

33743: Tariff Wars and Net Foreign Assets

Mark Aguiar, Manuel Amador and Doireann Fitzgerald

33742: US College Students’ Well-Being

David Blanchflower and Bruce Sacerdote

33741: Bureaucratic Incentives and Effectiveness of the One Child Policy in China

Hongbin Li, Lingsheng Meng, Grant Miller and Hanmo Yang

33740: Why Do Union Jobs Pay More? New Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data

Pierre-Loup Beauregard, Thomas Lemieux, Derek Messacar and Raffaele Saggio

33739: Tariffs and Retaliation: A Brief Macroeconomic Analysis

Stéphane Auray, Michael Devereux and Aurélien Eyquem

33738: The Importance of Preventive Medical Care for Managing Chronic Disease

Claire Boone, Pablo Celhay, Paul Gertler and Tadeja Gracner

33737: Money or Time? Heterogeneous Effects of Unconditional Cash on Parental Investments

Hema Shah, Lisa A. Gennetian, Katherine Magnuson, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Laura R. Stilwell, Kimberly Noble and Greg Duncan

33736: Do Transfer Pricing Reforms Lead to a Boom in Tax Consultants?

Dina Pomeranz and Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato

33735: Innovation and Health Inequality: Evidence from Direct-Acting Antivirals

Kevin Callison, Michael Darden and Keith Teltser

33734: A Stepping Stone Approach to Norm Transitions

Selim Gulesci, Sam Jindani, Eliana La Ferrara, David Smerdon, Munshi Sulaiman and H. Young

33733: Trends in Work Capacity in the US Population: Are Recent Cohorts in Worse Health?

David Cutler, Ellen Meara and Susan Stewart

33732: Analyzing the Effects of Occupational Licensing on Earnings Inequality in the United States

Kihwan Bae, Morris M. Kleiner, Conor Norris and Edward Timmons

33731: The Demographic and Research Styles of Economics Writing

Daniel Hamermesh

33730: The Gender Gap in Career Trajectories: Do Firms Matter?

David Card, Francesco Devicienti, Mariacristina Rossi and Andrea Weber

33729: The Sources of Researcher Variation in Economics

Nick Huntington-Klein, Claus Pörtner, Ian McCarthy and The Many Economists Collaborative on Researcher Variation

33728: Field Choice, Skill Specificity, and Labor Market Disruptions

Valerie Smeets, Lin Tian and Sharon Traiberman

33727: Regulating Out-of-Network Hospital Payments: Disagreement Payoffs, Negotiated Prices, and Access

Elena Prager and Nicholas Tilipman

33726: The Macroeconomics of Tariff Shocks

Adrien Auclert, Matthew Rognlie and Ludwig Straub

33725: State versus Market: China's Infrastructure Investment

Shuoge Qian, Hong Ru and Wei Xiong

33724: An Anatomy of U.S. Establishments' Trade Linkages in Global Value Chains

Aaron B. Flaaen, Fariha Kamal, Eunhee Lee and Kei-Mu Yi

33723: The Global Effects of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms

Kimberly Clausing, Jonathan Colmer, Allan Hsiao and Catherine Wolfram

33722: Screening Through Soft Spending Limits: Evidence from the Medicare Therapy Cap

Ashvin Gandhi and Maggie Shi

33721: Local Energy Access and Industry Specialization: Evidence from World War II Emergency Pipelines

Jacob Greenspon and Gordon Hanson

33720: Protection for Whom? The Political Economy of Protective Labor Laws for Women

Matthias Doepke, Hanno Foerster, Anne Hannusch and Michele Tertilt

33719: Saved by Medicaid: New Evidence on Health Insurance and Mortality from the Universe of Low-Income Adults

Angela Wyse and Bruce Meyer

33718: Taming Cycles: China’s Growth Targets and Macroeconomic Management

Jeffery (Jinfan) Chang, Yuheng Wang and Wei Xiong

33717: Opioids and Post-COVID Labor-Force Participation

Francesco Chiocchio, Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner and Karen Kopecky

33716: Using Multiple Outcomes to Adjust Standard Errors for Spatial Correlation

Stefano DellaVigna, Guido Imbens, Woojin Kim and David M. Ritzwoller

33715: Optimal Second-best Menu Design: Evidence from Residential Electricity Plans

Maria Garcia-Osipenko, Nicolai Kuminoff, Spencer Perry and Nicholas Vreugdenhil

33714: The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset

Karsten Müller, Chenzi Xu, Mohamed Lehbib and Ziliang Chen

33713: The Rise of Absorptive Research in Corporate America: 1945-1980

Ashish Arora, Sharon Belenzon, Jungkyu Suh and Hansen Zhang

33712: The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade

Elisabeth Kempf, Mancy Luo and Margarita Tsoutsoura

33711: A Theory of Supply Function Choice and Aggregate Supply

Joel P. Flynn, Georgios Nikolakoudis and Karthik Sastry

33710: The Invention of Corporate Governance

Yueran Ma and Andrei Shleifer

33709: How Tariffs Affect Trade Deficits

Arnaud Costinot and Iván Werning

33708: The Law and Economics of Lawyers: Evidence from the Revolving Door in China’s Judicial System

John Zhuang Liu, Wenwei Peng, Shaoda Wang and Yi Xu

33707: Firm Presence, Pollution, and Agglomeration: Evidence from a Randomized Environmental Place-Based Policy

Michael Gechter and Namrata Kala

33706: Reducing Nutritional Disparities Through Targeted Pricing: Evidence from a Large Restaurant Chain

Weijia (Daisy) Dai, Ginger Zhe Jin and Ben Zou

33705: Did War Mobilization Cause Aggregate and Regional Growth?

Taylor Jaworski and Dongkyu Yang

33704: Option Value Neglect: Evidence from Centralized College Admission

Ao Wang, Shaoda Wang and Xiaoyang Ye