NBER Working Papers

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7509: Geographic Localization of International Technology Diffusion

Wolfgang Keller

7508: Sorting and Long-Run Inequality

Raquel Fernandez and Richard Rogerson

7507: Is Addiction "Rational"? Theory and Evidence

Jonathan Gruber and Botond Koszegi

7506: Youth Smoking in the U.S.: Prices and Policies

Jonathan Gruber

7505: Two Generalizations of a Deposit-Refund System

Don Fullerton and Ann Wolverton

7504: Medicare Reform: The Larger Picture

Victor Fuchs

7503: The Effects of Urban Concentration on Economic Growth

J. Vernon Henderson

7502: Wage-Setting Institutions as Industrial Policy

Steven Davis and Magnus Henrekson

7501: The Effect of Unions on Employment: Evidence from an Unnatural Experiment in Uruguay

Adriana Cassoni, Steven Allen and Gaston Labadie

7500: The Role of Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Determining Physical Fights and Weapon Carrying by Teenagers

Sara Markowitz

7499: Tax Base Variability and Procyclical Fiscal Policy

Ernesto Talvi and Carlos Vegh

7498: Money as Stock: Price Level Determination with no Money Demand

John Cochrane

7497: Estimating Exchange Rate Exposures: Some "Weighty" Issues

Gordon Bodnar and M.H. Franco Wong

7496: The Political Economy of the Budget Surplus in the U.S

Alberto Alesina

7495: Do Patents Matter?: Empirical Evidence after GATT

Jean Lanjouw and Iain Cockburn

7494: If at First You Don't Succeed...: Profits, Prices and Market Structure in a Model of Quality with Unknowable Consumer Heterogeneity

Kala Krishna and Tor Winston

7493: Identification through Heteroskedasticity: Measuring "Contagion: betweenArgentinean and Mexican Sovereign Bonds

Roberto Rigobon

7492: The Distributional Effects of an Investment-Based Social Security System

Martin Feldstein and Jeffrey Liebman

7491: Making Single Mothers Work: Recent Tax and Welfare Policy and its Effects

Bruce Meyer and Dan Rosenbaum

7490: Robust Monetary Policy Under Model Uncertainty in a Small Model of the U.S. Economy

Alexei Onatski and James Stock

7489: Market Efficiency in an Irrational World

Kent Daniel and Sheridan Titman

7488: Exchange Rate Returns Standardized by Realized Volatility are (Nearly) Gaussian

Torben Andersen, Tim Bollerslev, Francis Diebold and Paul Labys

7487: Well-Being Over Time in Britain and the USA

David Blanchflower and Andrew Oswald

7486: Self-Employment in OECD Countries

David Blanchflower

7485: Trade, Income Inequality, and Government Policies: Redistribution of Income or Education Subsidies?

Eckhard Janeba

7484: Endogenous R&D Spillovers and Industrial Research Productivity

James Adams

7483: Causes of the Korean Financial Crisis: Lessons for Policy

Joon-Ho Hahm and Frederic Mishkin

7482: Understanding Inflation: Implications for Monetary Policy

Stephen Cecchetti and Erica Groshen

7481: Criminal Violence and Alcohol Beverage Control: Evidence from an International Study

Sara Markowitz

7480: Does Product Market Competition Reduce Agency Costs?

Ravi Jagannathan and Shaker B. Srinivasan

7479: What's Driving the New Economy: The Benefits of Workplace Innovation

Sandra Black and Lisa Lynch

7478: 150 Years of Patent Protection

Josh Lerner

7477: 150 Years of Patent Office Practice

Josh Lerner

7476: Preserving the Ocean Circulation: Implications for Climate Policy

Klaus Keller, Kelvin Tan, Francois M.M. Morel and David Bradford

7475: Does Political Ambiguity Pay? Corporate Campaign Contributions and the Rewards to Legislator Reputation

Randall S. Kroszner and Thomas Stratmann

7474: The Role of Wage and Skill Differences in US-German Employment Differences

Richard Freeman and Ronald Schettkat

7473: Tax Avoidance, Evasion, and Administration

Joel Slemrod and Shlomo Yitzhaki

7472: Changes in Job Stability and Job Security: A Collective Effort to Untangle, Reconcile, and Interpret the Evidence

David Neumark

7471: Total Factor Productivity: A Short Biography

Charles R. Hulten

7470: The Role of Commitment in Dynamic Contracts: Evidence from Life Insurance

Igal Hendel and Alessandro Lizzeri

7469: Peer Effects with Random Assignment: Results for Dartmouth Roommates

Bruce Sacerdote

7468: Growth Theory

Boyan Jovanovic

7467: Human Resource Management and Performance in the Service Sector: The Case of Bank Branches

Ann P. Bartel

7466: Job Creation, Job Destruction, and the Real Exchange Rate

Michael Klein, Scott Schuh and Robert Triest

7465: Wage and Productivity Dispersion in U.S. Manufacturing: The Role of Computer Investment

Timothy Dunne, John Haltiwanger and Lucia Foster

7464: Do Equity Financing Cycles Matter? Evidence from Biotechnology Alliances

Josh Lerner and Alexander Tsai

7463: Are Americans More Altruistic than the Japanese? A U.S.-Japan Comparison of Saving and Bequest Motives

Charles Horioka, Hideki Fujisaki, Wako Watanabe and Takatsugu Kouno

7462: What Causes Fluctuations in the Terms of Trade?

Marianne Baxter and Michael Kouparitsas

7461: Keynesian Macroeconomics without the LM Curve

David Romer

7460: Searching for Non-Linear Effects of Fiscal Policy: Evidence from Industrial and Developing Countries

Francesco Giavazzi, Tullio Jappelli and Marco Pagano

7459: Assessing the Effects of Fiscal Shocks

Craig Burnside, Martin Eichenbaum and Jonas Fisher

7458: Would Collective Action Clauses Raise Borrowing Costs?

Barry Eichengreen and Ashoka Mody

7457: A Review of Estimates of the Schooling/Earnings Relationship, with Tests for Publication Bias

Orley Ashenfelter, Colm Harmon and Hessel Oosterbeek

7456: From Bismarck to Maastricht: The March to European Union and the Labor Compact

Alan Krueger

7455: Togetherness: Spouses' Synchronous Leisure, and the Impact of Children

Daniel Hamermesh

7454: Prevailing Wage Laws and Construction Labor Markets

Daniel P. Kessler and Lawrence Katz

7453: The Impact of State Taxes on Self-Insurance

Bin Ke, Kathy Petroni and Douglas Shackelford

7452: Going to War and Going to College: Did World War II and the G.I. Bill Increase Educational Attainment for Returning Veterans?

John Bound and Sarah Turner

7451: Intertemporal Tax Discontinuities

Douglas Shackelford and Robert E. Verrecchia

7450: Schooling, Inequality, and the Impact of Government

Eric Hanushek and Julie A. Somers

7449: Racial Bias in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence

John Knowles, Nicola Persico and Petra Todd

7448: Emerging Financial Markets and Early U.S. Growth

Peter Rousseau and Richard Sylla

7447: Coase v. the Coasians

Simon Johnson and Andrei Shleifer

7446: Financial Sector Inefficiencies and Coordinate Failures: Implications for Crisis Management

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Joshua Aizenman

7445: The Share Price Effects of Dividend Taxes and Tax Imputation Credits

Trevor S. Harris, Robert Hubbard and Deen Kemsley

7444: How Large are the Social Returns to Education? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws

Daron Acemoglu and Joshua Angrist

7442: The Impact of Air Pollution on Infant Mortality: Evidence from Geographic Variation in Pollution Shocks Induced by a Recession

Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone

7441: Indian Manufacturing Industry: Elephant or Tiger? New Evidence on the Asian Miracle

Charles R. Hulten and Sylaja Srinivasan

7440: Predictors of Mortality Among the Elderly

Michael Hurd, Daniel McFadden and Angela Merrill

7439: A Heuristic Method for Extracting Smooth Trends from Economic Time Series

Julio Rotemberg

7438: The Costs and Consequences of the Napoleonic Reparations

Eugene White

7437: Firm-Level Investment in France and the United States: An Exploration of What We Have Learned in Twenty Years

Jacques Mairesse, Bronwyn Hall and Benoît Mulkay

7435: The Choice of Organizational Form in Gasoline Retailing and The Costs of Laws Limiting that Choice

Asher Blass and Dennis Carlton

7434: G3 Exchange Rate Relationships: A Recap of the Record and a Review of Proposals for Change

Richard Clarida

7433: Do Taxes Affect Corporate Debt Policy? Evidence from US Corporate Tax Return Data

Roger Gordon and Young Lee

7432: One Money, One Market: Estimating the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade

Andrew Rose

7431: A Theory of Bank Capital

Douglas Diamond and Raghuram Rajan

7430: Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation and Financial Fragility: A Theory of Banking

Douglas Diamond and Raghuram Rajan

7429: Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Under NAFTA

Anne O. Krueger

7428: Investor Protection: Origins, Consequences, and Reform

Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-deSilanes, Andrei Shleifer and Robert Vishny

7427: The Evolution of the Demand for Temporary Help Supply Employment in the United States

Marcello Estevão and Saul Lach

7426: Does Inflation Targeting Increase Output Volatility? An International Comparison of Policymakers' Preferences and Outcomes

Stephen Cecchetti and Michael Ehrmann

7425: Optimal Monetary Impulse-Response Functions in a Matching Model

Brett Katzman, John Kennan and Neil Wallace

7424: New Evidence on Classroom Computers and Pupil Learning

Joshua Angrist and Victor Lavy

7423: The Long-Run Growth in Obesity as a Function of Technological Change

Tomas Philipson and Richard Posner

7422: Does Aid Matter? Measuring the Effect of Student Aid on College Attendance and Completion

Susan Dynarski

7421: Measuring Temporary Labor Outsourcing in U.S. Manufacturing

Marcello Estevão and Saul Lach

7420: The Future of Monetary Policy: The Central Bank as an Army With Only a Signal Corps

Benjamin M. Friedman

7419: Output-based Pay: Incentives or Sorting?

Edward Lazear

7418: Exchange Rates and Financial Fragility

Barry Eichengreen and Ricardo Hausmann

7417: Macroeconomic Implications of the Beliefs and Behavior of Foreign Exchange Traders

Yin-Wong Cheung and Menzie Chinn

7416: Traders, Market Microstructure and Exchange Rate Dynamics

Yin-Wong Cheung and Menzie Chinn

7415: Work Environment and Individual Background: Explaining Regional Shirking Differentials in a Large Italian Firm

Andrea Ichino and Giovanni Maggi

7414: Do Industrial Relations Affect Plant Performance?: The Case of Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing

Morris M. Kleiner, Jonathan Leonard and Adam M. Pilarski

7413: How Effective are Capital Controls?

Sebastian Edwards

7412: The Transition to Smoking Cessation: Evidence from Multiple Failure Duration Analysis

John Tauras

7411: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Between 1400 and 2000: When It Explained Factor Price Convergence, When It Did Not, and Why

Kevin O'Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson

7410: Do Scientists Pay to Be Scientists?

Scott Stern

7409: Optimal Portfolio Choice for Long-Horizon Investors with Nontradable Labor Income

Luis Viceira

7408: Market Structure and the Persistence of Sectoral Real Exchange Rates

Yin-Wong Cheung, Menzie Chinn and Eiji Fujii