NBER Working Papers

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30536: Jobs in the Smog: Firm Location and Workers’ Exposure to Pollution in African Cities

Vittorio Bassi, Matthew Kahn, Nancy Lozano-Gracia, Tommaso Porzio and Jeanne Sorin

30535: Informationally Efficient Climate Policy: Designing Markets to Measure and Price Externalities

Derek Lemoine

30534: Comparing the Effects of Policies for the Labor Market Integration of Refugees

Mette Foged, Linea Hasager and Giovanni Peri

30533: The Effects of Income on the Economic Wellbeing of Families with Low Incomes: Evidence from the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit

Natasha Pilkauskas, Katherine Michelmore, Nicole Kovski and H. Luke Shaefer

30532: The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings

Robert Fairlie

30531: Dust to Feed, Dust to Grey: The Effect of In-Utero Exposure to the Dust Bowl on Old-Age Longevity

Hamid Noghanibehambari and Jason Fletcher

30530: A Horse Race of Monetary Policy Regimes: An Experimental Investigation

Olena Kostyshyna, Luba Petersen and Jing Yang

30529: Comparing China REACH and the Jamaica Home Visiting Program

Jin Zhou, James Heckman, Bei Liu, Mai Lu, Susan M. Chang and Sally Grantham-McGregor

30528: Automation and Polarization

Daron Acemoglu and Jonas Loebbing

30527: How to Run Surveys: A Guide to Creating Your Own Identifying Variation and Revealing the Invisible

Stefanie Stantcheva

30526: Work From Home and the Office Real Estate Apocalypse

Arpit Gupta, Vrinda Mittal and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

30525: Horses for Courses: Measuring Foreign Supply Chain Exposure

Richard Baldwin, Rebecca Freeman and Angelos Theodorakopoulos

30524: Global Trends in Income Inequality and Income Dynamics: New Insights from GRID

Fatih Guvenen, Luigi Pistaferri and Giovanni Violante

30523: Are Immigrants more Left leaning than Natives?

Simone Moriconi, Giovanni Peri and Riccardo Turati

30522: War, Influenza, and U.S. Carbon Intensity

Nicholas Muller

30521: Know Your Customer: Informed Trading by Banks

Rainer Haselmann, Christian Leuz and Sebastian Schreiber

30520: Assessing School District Decision-Making: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alvin Christian, Brian Jacob and John Singleton

30519: A Tale of Tier 3 Cities

Kenneth Rogoff and Yuanchen Yang

30518: Neoclassical Growth with Limited Commitment

Dirk Krueger and Harald Uhlig

30517: Culture Clash: Incompatible Reputation Mechanisms and Intergroup Conflict

Vasiliki Fouka and Alain Schläpfer

30516: Housing Dynamics: Theory Behind Empirics

Ping Wang and Danyang Xie

30515: Urban-Biased Growth: A Macroeconomic Analysis

Fabian Eckert, Sharat Ganapati and Conor Walsh

30514: Imperfect Competition and Sanitation: Evidence from Randomized Auctions in Senegal

Jean-François Houde, Terence R. Johnson, Molly Lipscomb and Laura Schechter

30513: Listen to Her: Gender Differences in Information Diffusion within the Household

Dietmar Fehr, Johanna Mollerstrom and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

30512: Excess Death Rates for Republicans and Democrats During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jacob Wallace, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham and Jason L. Schwartz

30511: Culture in Historical Political Economy

Sara Lowes

30510: Gender Gaps at the Academies

David Card, Stefano DellaVigna, Patricia Funk and Nagore Iriberri

30509: Kinship Structure and the Family: Evidence from the Matrilineal Belt

Sara Lowes

30508: Buy Now, Pay Later Credit: User Characteristics and Effects on Spending Patterns

Marco Di Maggio, Emily Williams and Justin Katz

30507: Three Criteria for Evaluating Social Programs

Jorge Luis Garcia and James Heckman

30506: Trapped in the Trilemma: When Security Trumps Economics

Michael Bordo and Harold James

30505: Firming up Price Inflation

Philip Bunn, Lena S. Anayi, Nicholas Bloom, Paul Mizen, Gregory Thwaites and Ivan Yotzov

30504: Zoning for Profits: How Public Finance Shapes Land Supply in China

Zhiguo He, Scott T. Nelson, Yang Su, Anthony Lee Zhang and Fudong Zhang

30503: Macroeconomic and Asset Pricing Effects of Supply Chain Disasters

Vladimir Smirnyagin and Aleh Tsyvinski

30502: The U.S. Manufacturing Sector’s Response to Higher Electricity Prices: Evidence from State-Level Renewable Portfolio Standards

Ann Wolverton, Ron Shadbegian and Wayne Gray

30501: Managing Public Portfolios

Leo R. Aparisi de Lannoy, Anmol Bhandari, David Evans, Mikhail Golosov and Thomas Sargent

30500: Racial Diversity in Private Capital Fundraising

Johan Cassel, Josh Lerner and Emmanuel Yimfor

30499: Family Bargaining with Altruism

Robert Pollak

30498: Demand Stimulus as Social Policy

Alan Auerbach, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Daniel Murphy

30497: Trade-ins and Transaction Costs in the Market for Used Business Jets

Charles Hodgson

30496: Sparse Production Networks

Andrew Bernard and Yuan Zi

30495: Land Rental Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

Michelle Acampora, Lorenzo Casaburi and Jack Willis

30494: Multinationals and Structural Transformation

Vanessa Alviarez, Cheng Chen, Nitya Pandalai-Nayar, Liliana Varela, Kei-Mu Yi and Hongyong Zhang

30493: Estimating Perceptions of the Relative COVID Risk of Different Social-Distancing Behaviors from Respondents' Pairwise Assessments

Ori Heffetz and Matthew Rabin

30492: Labor Supply and Occupational Choice

Andres Erosa, Luisa Fuster, Gueorgui Kambourov and Richard Rogerson

30491: Rising Markups or Changing Technology?

Lucia Foster, John Haltiwanger and Cody Tuttle

30490: The Racial Wealth Gap, Financial Aid, and College Access

Phillip Levine and Dubravka Ritter

30489: Spatial Structural Change

Fabian Eckert and Michael Peters

30488: Rebel Governance and Development: The Persistent Effects of Guerrillas in El Salvador

Antonella Bandiera, Lelys Dinarte Diaz, Juan Miguel Jimenez, Sandra Rozo and Maria Micaela Sviatschi

30487: Distinguishing Causes of Neighborhood Racial Change: A Nearest Neighbor Design

Patrick Bayer, Marcus Casey, W. Ben McCartney, John Orellana-Li and Calvin S. Zhang

30486: It Hurts To Ask

Roland Benabou, Ania Jaroszewicz and George Loewenstein

30485: Monetary and Financial Spillovers: New Historical Evidence from Germany

James Cloyne, Patrick Hürtgen and Alan Taylor

30484: Is Social Protection a Luxury Good?

Michael Lokshin, Martin Ravallion and Iván Torre

30483: Understanding Labor Market Discrimination Against Transgender People: Evidence from a Double List Experiment and a Survey

Billur Aksoy, Christopher Carpenter and Dario Sansone

30482: The Human Perils of Scaling Smart Technologies: Evidence from Field Experiments

Alec Brandon, Christopher M. Clapp, John List, Robert Metcalfe and Michael Price

30481: College Consumption Amenities, Academic Performance, and Donation Behavior

Joshua Hyman and Isaac McFarlin

30480: Perceptions about Monetary Policy

Michael Bauer, Carolin Pflueger and Adi Sunderam

30479: Tail Risk in Production Networks

Ian Dew-Becker

30478: Real-Time Forward-Looking Skewness over the Business Cycle

Ian Dew-Becker

30477: Effect of Macroprudential Policies on Sovereign Bond Markets: Evidence from the ASEAN-4 Countries

Joshua Aizenman, Gazi Uddin, Tianqi Luo, Ranadeva Jayasekera and Donghyun Park

30476: Dollar Reserves and U.S. Yields: Identifying the Price Impact of Official Flows

Rashad Ahmed and Alessandro Rebucci

30475: Long-Run Trends in Long-Maturity Real Rates 1311-2021

Kenneth Rogoff, Barbara Rossi and Paul Schmelzing

30474: Fertility and the Education of African Parents and Children

Tom Vogl

30473: Exposure to Past Immigration Waves and Attitudes toward Newcomers

Rania Gihleb, Osea Giuntella and Luca Stella

30472: Quantifying and Explaining the Decline in Public-School Teacher Retirement Benefits

Nino Abashidze, Robert L. Clark and Lee A. Craig

30471: What Drives Risky Prescription Opioid Use? Evidence from Migration

Amy Finkelstein, Matthew Gentzkow, Dean Li and Heidi Williams

30470: Do the Retired Elderly in Europe Decumulate Their Wealth? The Importance of Bequest Motives, Precautionary Saving, Public Pensions, and Homeownership

Charles Horioka and Luigi Ventura

30469: Choosing Who Chooses: Selection-Driven Targeting in Energy Rebate Programs

Takanori Ida, Takunori Ishihara, Koichiro Ito, Daido Kido, Toru Kitagawa, Shosei Sakaguchi and Shusaku Sasaki

30468: Expectations and the Neutrality of Interest Rates

John Cochrane

30467: Energy Efficiency Can Deliver for Climate Policy: Evidence from Machine Learning-Based Targeting

Peter Christensen, Paul Francisco, Erica Myers, Hansen Shao and Mateus Souza

30466: Advances in the Economic Theory of Cultural Transmission

Alberto Bisin and Thierry Verdier

30465: Housing Wealth and Online Consumer Behavior: Evidence from Xiong'an New Area in China

Hanming Fang, Long Wang and Yang Yang

30464: Do Low-skilled Immigrants Improve Native Productivity but Worsen Local Amenities? Learning from the South Korean Experience

Hyejin Kim, Jongkwan Lee and Giovanni Peri

30463: The Rise of Age-Friendly Jobs

Daron Acemoglu, Nicolaj Søndergaard Mühlbach and Andrew Scott

30462: Transportation Networks, Short-term Mobility, and Pollution Exposure: Evidence from High-Speed Rail in China

Panle Barwick, Dave Donaldson, Shanjun Li, Yatang Lin and Deyu Rao

30461: Partial Identification of Personalized Treatment Response with Trial-reported Analyses of Binary Subgroups

Sheyu Li, Valentyn Litvin and Charles Manski

30460: Explanations for the Decline in Spending at Older Ages

Susann Rohwedder, Michael Hurd and Peter Hudomiet

30459: A Framework for Economic Growth with Capital-Embodied Technical Change

Benjamin Jones and Xiaojie Liu

30458: Monetary Policy and the Short-Rate Disconnect in Emerging Economies

Pierre De Leo, Gita Gopinath and Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

30457: A Model of the Gold Standard

Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde and Daniel Sanches

30456: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Retirement Outcomes: Impacts of Outreach

Angelino Viceisza, Amaia Calhoun and Gabriella J.O. Lee

30455: Looking Backward, Innovating Forward: A Theory of Competitive Cascades

Kevin Lim, Daniel Trefler and Miaojie Yu

30454: Road Maintenance and Local Economic Development: Evidence from Indonesia’s Highways

Paul Gertler, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro, Tadeja Gracner and Alexander Rothenberg

30453: KFstar and Portfolio Inflows: A Focus on Latin America

John Burger, Francis E. Warnock and Veronica Cacdac Warnock

30452: Climate Risks and FDI

Grace Weishi Gu and Galina Hale

30451: Slavery and the British Industrial Revolution

Stephan Heblich, Stephen Redding and Hans-Joachim Voth

30450: Global Sourcing and Multinational Activity: A Unified Approach

Pol Antras, Evgenii Fadeev, Teresa Fort and Felix Tintelnot

30449: Information Frictions and Employee Sorting Between Startups

Kevin Bryan, Mitchell Hoffman and Amir Sariri

30448: Auditing the Prescription Drug Consumer Price Index in a Changing Marketplace

Richard G. Frank, Andrew L. Hicks and Ernst R. Berndt

30447: Firm Responses and Wage Effects of Foreign Demand Shocks with Fixed Labor Costs and Monopsony

Emmanuel Dhyne, Ken Kikkawa, Toshiaki Komatsu, Magne Mogstad and Felix Tintelnot

30446: Working from Home Around the World

Cevat Giray Aksoy, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven Davis, Mathias Dolls and Pablo Zárate

30445: Is Physical Climate Risk Priced? Evidence from Regional Variation in Exposure to Heat Stress

Viral Acharya, Timothy Johnson, Suresh Sundaresan and Tuomas Tomunen

30444: Gender and Race in Entrepreneurial Finance

Michael Ewens

30443: Robustness Checks in Structural Analysis

Sylvain Catherine, Mehran Ebrahimian, Mohammad Fereydounian, David Sraer and David Thesmar

30442: The Midlife Crisis

Osea Giuntella, Sally McManus, Redzo Mujcic, Andrew J. Oswald, Nattavudh Powdthavee and Ahmed Tohamy

30441: Power and Dignity in the Low-Wage Labor Market: Theory and Evidence from Wal-Mart Workers

Arindrajit Dube, Suresh Naidu and Adam D. Reich

30440: The Effects of Off-label Drug Use on Disability and Medical Expenditure

Katharina Blankart and Frank Lichtenberg

30439: Exhaustive or Exhausting? Evidence on Respondent Fatigue in Long Surveys

Dahyeon Jeong, Shilpa Aggarwal, Jonathan Robinson, Naresh Kumar, Alan Spearot and David Sungho Park

30438: The Social Tax: Redistributive Pressure and Labor Supply

Eliana Carranza, Aletheia Donald, Florian Grosset-Touba and Supreet Kaur

30437: Facts and Fantasies about Wage Setting and Collective Bargaining

Manudeep Bhuller, Karl Ove Moene, Magne Mogstad and Ola Vestad