NBER Working Papers

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32376: Consumer-Financed Fiscal Stimulus: Evidence from Digital Coupons in China

Jing Ding, Lei Jiang, Lucy Msall and Matthew Notowidigdo

32375: Meritocracy across Countries

Oriana Bandiera, Ananya Kotia, Ilse Lindenlaub, Christian Moser and Andrea Prat

32374: Why Does Working from Home Vary Across Countries and People?

Pablo Zárate, Mathias Dolls, Steven Davis, Nicholas Bloom, Jose Maria Barrero and Cevat Giray Aksoy

32373: Estimating Racial Disparities When Race is Not Observed

Cory McCartan, Robin Fisher, Jacob Goldin, Daniel E. Ho and Kosuke Imai

32372: Transparency and Percent Plans

Adam Kapor

32371: Labor Market Externalities of Pre-retirement Employment Protection

Paweł Chrostek, Krzysztof Karbownik and Michal Myck

32370: The Evolution of Black-White Differences in Occupational Mobility Across Post-Civil War America

Steven Durlauf, Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee and Xi Song

32369: Mechanism Reform: An Application to Child Welfare

E. Jason Baron, Richard Lombardo, Joseph P. Ryan, Jeongsoo Suh and Quitze Valenzuela-Stookey

32368: New Gig Work or Changes in Reporting? Understanding Self-Employment Trends in Tax Data

Andrew Garin, Emilie Jackson and Dmitri K. Koustas

32367: Toward an Understanding of the Economics of Misinformation: Evidence from a Demand Side Field Experiment on Critical Thinking

John List, Lina M. Ramírez, Julia Seither, Jaime Unda and Beatriz Vallejo

32366: Shocking Offers: Gender, Wage Inequality, and Recessions in Online Labor Markets

Belinda Archibong and Peter Henry

32365: One Factor to Bind the Cross-Section of Returns

Nicola Borri, Denis Chetverikov, Yukun Liu and Aleh Tsyvinski

32364: Does Inflation Affect Earnings Relevance? A Century-Long Analysis

Oliver Binz, John Graham and Matthew Kubic

32363: The Big Shift in Working Arrangements: Eight Ways Unusual

Steven Davis

32362: Education and Adult Cognition in a Low-income Setting: Differences among Adult Siblings

Yuan S. Zhang, Elizabeth Frankenberg and Duncan Thomas

32361: After 40 Years, How Representative Are Labor Market Outcomes in the NLSY79?

Alexander Bick, Adam Blandin and Richard Rogerson

32360: Bargaining and Dynamic Competition

Shanglyu Deng, Dun Jia, Mario Leccese and Andrew Sweeting

32359: Technological Progress and Rent Seeking

Vincent Glode and Guillermo Ordonez

32358: Slow Learning

Lawrence Christiano, Martin Eichenbaum and Benjamin K. Johannsen

32357: Assessing the Costs of Balancing College and Work Activities: The Gig Economy Meets Online Education

Esteban Aucejo, A. Spencer Perry and Basit Zafar

32356: Private Adoption of Public Good Technologies: The Case of PurpleAir

Joshua Graff Zivin, Benjamin Krebs and Matthew Neidell

32355: Financial Literacy and Financial Education: An Overview

Tim Kaiser and Annamaria Lusardi

32354: Macroeconomics of Mental Health

Boaz Abramson, Job Boerma and Aleh Tsyvinski

32353: The Benefits and Costs of Secured Debt

Efraim Benmelech

32352: Return Migration and Human Capital Flows

Naser Amanzadeh, Amir Kermani and Timothy McQuade

32351: Balancing Federalism: The Impact of Decentralizing School Accountability

Eric Hanushek, Patricia Saenz-Armstrong and Alejandra Salazar

32350: The Gender Concealment Gap

Christine L. Exley, Raymond Fisman, Judd B. Kessler, Louis-Pierre Lepage, Xiaomeng Li, Corinne Low, Xiaoyue Shan, Mattie Toma and Basit Zafar

32349: Mask Mandate Costs

Patrick Carlin, Shyam Raman, Kosali Simon, Ryan Sullivan and Coady Wing

32348: Examiner and Judge Designs in Economics: A Practitioner's Guide

Eric Chyn, Brigham Frandsen and Emily C. Leslie

32347: A Field Experiment on Antitrust Compliance

Kei Kawai and Jun Nakabayashi

32346: Human Capital Spillovers and Health: Does Living Around College Graduates Lengthen Life?

Jacob H. Bor, David Cutler, Edward Glaeser and Ljubica Ristovska

32345: Bank Failures and Economic Activity: Evidence from the Progressive Era

Gary Richardson, Marco Del Angel and Michael Gou

32344: Noisy Experts? Discretion in Regulation

Sumit Agarwal, Bernardo C. Morais, Amit Seru and Kelly Shue

32343: Work Requirements and Child Tax Benefits

Jacob Goldin, Tatiana Homonoff, Neel A. Lal, Ithai Lurie, Katherine Michelmore and Matthew Unrath

32342: Social Movements and Public Opinion in the United States

Amory Gethin and Vincent Pons

32341: Bank Runs, Fragility, and Regulation

Manuel Amador and Javier Bianchi

32340: Countries for Old Men: An Analysis of the Age Pay Gap

Nicola Bianchi and Matteo Paradisi

32339: Three Things about Mobile App Commissions

Joshua Gans

32338: Heterogeneity and Endogenous Compliance: Implications for Scaling Class Size Interventions

Karun Adusumilli, Francesco Agostinelli and Emilio Borghesan

32337: The Declining Mental Health Of The Young And The Global Disappearance Of The Hump Shape In Age In Unhappiness

David Blanchflower, Alex Bryson and Xiaowei Xu

32336: Nothing for Something: Marketing Cancer Drugs to Physicians Increases Prescribing Without Improving Mortality

Colleen Carey, Michael Daly and Jing Li

32335: The Global Life-Cycle Optimizer – Analyzing Fiscal Policy's Potential to Dramatically Distort Labor Supply and Saving

Johannes Brumm, Laurence Kotlikoff and Christopher Krause

32334: Religious Worship Attendance in America: Evidence from Cellphone Data

Devin G. Pope

32333: Neighborhood Effects: Evidence from Wartime Destruction in London

Stephen Redding and Daniel Sturm

32332: To Pay or Autopay? Fintech Innovation and Credit Card Payments

Jialan Wang

32331: How You Pay Drives What You Choose: Health Savings Accounts versus Cash in Health Insurance Plan Choice

Jonathan Gruber, Mengyun M. Lin, Haoming Liu and Junjian Yi

32330: Global Spillovers from FED Hikes and a Strong Dollar: The Risk Channel

José Cristi, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Mariana Sans and Filiz Unsal

32329: Global Transmission of FED Hikes: The Role of Policy Credibility and Balance Sheets

Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Filiz Unsal

32328: Smoke from Factory Chimneys: The Applied Economics of Air Pollution in the Progressive Era

Spencer Banzhaf and Randall Walsh

32327: Recovering Overlooked Information in Categorical Variables with LLMs: An Application to Labor Market Mismatch

Yi Chen, Hanming Fang, Yi Zhao and Zibo Zhao

32326: After the Storm: How Emergency Liquidity Helps Small Businesses Following Natural Disasters

Benjamin L. Collier, Sabrina T. Howell and Lea Rendell

32325: Interdependent Values in Matching Markets: Evidence from Medical School Programs in Denmark

Benjamin Friedrich, Martin B. Hackmann, Adam Kapor, Sofia Moroni and Anne Brink Nandrup

32324: Monetary Policy, Segmentation, and the Term Structure

Rohan Kekre, Moritz Lenel and Federico Mainardi

32323: Homelessness and the Persistence of Deprivation: Income, Employment, and Safety Net Participation

Bruce Meyer, Angela Wyse, Gillian Meyer, Alexa Grunwaldt and Derek Wu

32322: The Dominant Role of Expectations and Broad-Based Supply Shocks in Driving Inflation

Paul Beaudry, Chenyu Hou and Franck Portier

32321: Quantitative Tightening Around the Globe: What Have We Learned?

Wenxin Du, Kristin Forbes and Matthew N. Luzzetti

32320: Application Flows

Steven Davis and Brenda Samaniego de la Parra

32319: Tracking Firm Use of AI in Real Time: A Snapshot from the Business Trends and Outlook Survey

Kathryn Bonney, Cory Breaux, Catherine Buffington, Emin Dinlersoz, Lucia Foster, Nathan Goldschlag, John Haltiwanger, Zachary Kroff and Keith Savage

32318: Theory-Driven Entrepreneurial Search

Ankur Chavda, Joshua Gans and Scott Stern

32317: The Impact of Green Investors on Stock Prices

Gong Cheng, Eric Jondeau, Benoit Mojon and Dimitri Vayanos

32316: Where Do Banks End and NBFIs Begin?

Viral Acharya, Nicola Cetorelli and Bruce Tuckman

32315: The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments

Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Francis Wong and Wesley Yin

32314: Inequality and Racial Backlash: Evidence from the Reconstruction Era and the Freedmen’s Bureau

Eric Chyn, Kareem Haggag and Bryan Stuart

32313: A Discrimination Report Card

Patrick Kline, Evan K. Rose and Christopher Walters

32312: Quantifying the Uncertainty of Imputed Demographic Disparity Estimates: The Dual-Bootstrap

Benjamin Lu, Jia Wan, Derek Ouyang, Jacob Goldin and Daniel E. Ho

32311: Ideology, Incidence and the Political Economy of Fuel Taxes: Evidence from the California 2018 Proposition 6

Lucas Epstein and Erich Muehlegger

32310: Effects of Income on Infant Health: Evidence from the Expanded Child Tax Credit and Pandemic Stimulus Checks

Wei Lyu, George Wehby and Robert Kaestner

32309: Identification of Marginal Treatment Effects using Subjective Expectations

Joseph S. Briggs, Andrew Caplin, Søren Leth-Petersen and Christopher Tonetti

32308: Changing Central Bank Pressures and Inflation

Hassan Afrouzi, Marina Halac, Kenneth Rogoff and Pierre Yared

32307: Mortality Burden From Wildfire Smoke Under Climate Change

Minghao Qiu, Jessica Li, Carlos F. Gould, Renzhi Jing, Makoto Kelp, Marissa Childs, Mathew Kiang, Sam Heft-Neal, Noah Diffenbaugh and Marshall Burke

32306: Taxation of Capital: Capital Levies and Commitment

Robert Barro and Varadarajan Chari

32305: Beyond Bad Luck: Macroeconomic Implications of Persistent Heterogeneity In Optimism

Oliver Pfäuti, Fabian Seyrich and Jonathan Zinman

32304: Location Sorting and Endogenous Amenities: Evidence from Amsterdam

Milena Almagro and Tomás Domínguez-Iino

32303: The Performance of Emerging Markets During the Fed’s Easing and Tightening Cycles: A Cross-Country Resilience Analysis

Joshua Aizenman, Donghyun Park, Irfan Qureshi, Gazi Uddin and Jamel Saadaoui

32302: The Effect of E-cigarette Taxes on Substance Use

Dhaval Dave, Yang Liang, Johanna Maclean, Caterina Muratori and Joseph J. Sabia

32301: What Hundreds of Economic News Events Say About Belief Overreaction in the Stock Market

Francesco Bianchi, Sydney Ludvigson and Sai Ma

32300: Why Do We Dislike Inflation?

Stefanie Stantcheva

32299: Amazon Self-preferencing in the Shadow of the Digital Markets Act

Joel Waldfogel

32298: Consumption Dynamics and Welfare Under Non-Gaussian Earnings Risk

Fatih Guvenen, Serdar Ozkan and Rocio Madera

32297: Does nothing stop a bullet like a job? The effects of income on crime

Jens Ludwig and Kevin Schnepel

32296: Marginal Returns to Public Universities

Jack Mountjoy

32295: Beliefs that Entertain

Ashvin Gandhi, Paola Giuliano, Eric Guan, Quinn Keefer, Chase McDonald, Michaela Pagel and Joshua Tasoff

32294: The Missing Link? Using LinkedIn Data to Measure Race, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes at Individual Companies

Alexander Berry, Elizabeth M. Maloney and David Neumark

32293: Book Value Risk Management of Banks: Limited Hedging, HTM Accounting, and Rising Interest Rates

João Granja, Erica Xuewei Jiang, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski and Amit Seru

32292: The Influence of Occupational Licensing on Workforce Transitions to Retirement

Yun taek Oh and Morris M. Kleiner

32291: Aggregate Demand Externality and Self-Fulfilling Default Cycles

Jess Benhabib, Feng Dong, Pengfei Wang and Zhenyang Xu

32290: Contracts with Interdependent Preferences

Debraj Ray and Marek Weretka

32289: Discrimination During Eviction Moratoria

Alina Arefeva, Kay Jowers, Qihui Hu and Christopher Timmins

32288: How Does Expropriation Risk Affect Innovation?

Jose-Miguel Benavente, Claudio Bravo-Ortega, Pablo Egaña-delSol and Bronwyn Hall

32287: Blended Finance

Caroline Flammer, Thomas Giroux and Geoffrey Heal

32286: Promoting Public Health with Blunt Instruments: Evidence from Vaccine Mandates

Rahi Abouk, John Earle, Johanna Maclean and Sungbin Park

32285: Explorations of Cumulative Advantage Using Data on French Physicists

Bronwyn Hall and Jacques Mairesse

32284: Deposit Insurance, Uninsured Depositors, and Liquidity Risk During Panics

Matthew Jaremski and Steven Sprick Schuster

32283: Project Development with Delegated Bargaining: The Role of Elevated Hurdle Rates

John W. Barry, Bruce I. Carlin, Alan D. Crane and John Graham

32282: “Something Works” in U.S. Jails: Misconduct and Recidivism Effects of the IGNITE Program

Marcella Alsan, Arkey M. Barnett, Peter Hull and Crystal Yang

32281: Anatomy of Technology and Tasks in the Establishment

Xavier Cirera, Diego Comin and Marcio Cruz

32280: When to Appease and When to Punish: Hitler, Putin, and Hamas

David Levine and Lee Ohanian

32279: 'Morality and Political Economy' from the Vantage Point of Economics

Benjamin Enke

32278: Risk-Adjusting the Returns to Private Debt Funds

Isil Erel, Thomas Flanagan and Michael Weisbach

32277: The Impact of Unions on Wages in the Public Sector: Evidence from Higher Education

Michael Baker, Yosh Halberstam, Kory Kroft, Alexandre Mas and Derek Messacar