NBER Working Papers

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18161: The Aftermath of Accelerating Algebra: Evidence from a District Policy Initiative

Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor

18160: A Theory of Debt Maturity: The Long and Short of Debt Overhang

Douglas Diamond and Zhiguo He

18159: Do Male-Female Wage Differentials Reflect Differences in the Return to Skill? Cross-City Evidence From 1980-2000

Paul Beaudry and Ethan Lewis

18158: Is Conflicted Investment Advice Better than No Advice?

John Chalmers and Jonathan Reuter

18157: The Ramsey Discounting Formula for a Hidden-State Stochastic Growth Process

Martin Weitzman

18156: Strengthening State Capabilities: The Role of Financial Incentives in the Call to Public Service

Ernesto Dal Bó, Frederico Finan and Martín Rossi

18155: Identification of Potential Games and Demand Models for Bundles

Jeremy Fox and Natalia Lazzati

18154: Declining Labor Shares and the Global Rise of Corporate Saving

Loukas Karabarbounis and Brent Neiman

18153: Using Audit Studies to Test for Physician Induced Demand: The Case of Antibiotic Abuse in China

Janet Currie, Wanchuan Lin and Juanjuan Meng

18152: The Demand of Liquid Assets with Uncertain Lumpy Expenditures

Fernando Alvarez and Francesco Lippi

18151: Taxation and Redistribution of Residual Income Inequality

Mikhail Golosov, Pricila Maziero and Guido Menzio

18150: Corrupting Learning: Evidence from Missing Federal Education Funds in Brazil

Claudio Ferraz, Frederico Finan and Diana Moreira

18149: Testing for Keynesian Labor Demand

Mark Bils, Pete Klenow and Benjamin Malin

18148: Real Options, Taxes and Financial Leverage

Stewart C. Myers and James A. Read, Jr.

18147: Real Assets and Capital Structure

Murillo Campello and Erasmo Giambona

18146: Evaluating the Role of Science Philanthropy in American Research Universities

Fiona E. Murray

18145: The Effect of Education Policy on Crime: An Intergenerational Perspective

Ulrika Ahrsjö, Costas Meghir, Mårten Palme and Marieke Schnabel

18144: A Precautionary Tale of Uncertain Tail Fattening

Martin Weitzman

18143: The Dollar and its Discontents

Olivier Jeanne

18142: Getting the Biggest Bang for the Buck in Fiscal Policy

Miles Kimball

18141: The Cost of Friendship

Paul Gompers, Vladimir Mukharlyamov and Yuhai Xuan

18140: Post-Durban Climate Policy Architecture Based on Linkage of Cap-and-Trade Systems

Matthew Ranson and Robert Stavins

18139: Does Finance Cause Growth? Evidence from the Origins of Banking in Russia

Daniel Berkowitz, Mark Hoekstra and Koen Schoors

18138: The Euro and the global crises: finding the balance between short term stabilization and forward looking reforms

Joshua Aizenman

18137: Does Mutual Fund Performance Vary over the Business Cycle?

André de Souza and Anthony W. Lynch

18136: Managing Catastrophic Risk

Howard Kunreuther and Geoffrey Heal

18135: Inflation Tracking Portfolios

Christopher T. Downing, Francis Longstaff and Michael A. Rierson

18134: Does Strengthening Self-Defense Law Deter Crime or Escalate Violence? Evidence from Castle Doctrine

Cheng Cheng and Mark Hoekstra

18133: The Life Cycle of Plants in India and Mexico

Chang-Tai Hsieh and Pete Klenow

18132: International Standards and International Trade: Empirical Evidence from ISO 9000 Diffusion

Joseph Clougherty and Michal Grajek

18131: Skill Premium and Trade Puzzles: a Solution Linking Production and Preferences

Justin Caron, Thibault Fally and James Markusen

18130: How Deep Are the Roots of Economic Development?

Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg

18129: Suffrage, Schooling, and Sorting in the Post-Bellum U.S. South

Suresh Naidu

18128: Growth-Rate and Uncertainty Shocks in Consumption: Cross-Country Evidence

Emi Nakamura, Dmitriy Sergeyev and Jon Steinsson

18127: The Incidence of an Oil Glut: Who Benefits from Cheap Crude Oil in the Midwest?

Severin Borenstein and Ryan Kellogg

18126: Decentralisation in Africa and the Nature of Local Governments' Competition: Evidence from Benin

Emilie Caldeira, Martial Foucault and Grégoire Rota-Graziosi

18125: Housing Market Spillovers: Evidence from the End of Rent Control in Cambridge Massachusetts

David Autor, Christopher J. Palmer and Parag Pathak

18124: Water Availability as a Constraint on China's Future Growth

Dana Medianu and John Whalley

18123: Tall or Taller, Pretty or Prettier: Is Discrimination Absolute or Relative?

Daniel Hamermesh

18122: Distance and Political Boundaries: Estimating Border Effects under Inequality Constraints

Fernando Borraz, Alberto Cavallo, Roberto Rigobon and Leandro Zipitria

18121: Hard Evidence on Soft Skills

James Heckman and Tim D. Kautz

18120: Multinationals and the High Cash Holdings Puzzle

Lee Pinkowitz, René Stulz and Rohan Williamson

18119: Education and the Quality of Government

Juan Botero, Alejandro Ponce and Andrei Shleifer

18118: Does Decentralization Facilitate Access to Poverty-Related Services? Evidence from Benin

Emilie Caldeira, Martial Foucault and Grégoire Rota-Graziosi

18117: Democracy and Reforms: Evidence from a New Dataset

Paola Giuliano, Prachi Mishra and Antonio Spilimbergo

18116: NIH Peer Review: Challenges and Avenues for Reform

Pierre Azoulay, Joshua Graff Zivin and Gustavo Manso

18115: The Effects of "Girl-Friendly" Schools: Evidence from the BRIGHT School Construction Program in Burkina Faso

Harounan Kazianga, Dan Levy, Leigh Linden and Matt Sloan

18114: Liquidity Traps and Expectation Dynamics: Fiscal Stimulus or Fiscal Austerity?

Jess Benhabib, George Evans and Seppo Honkapohja

18113: Why Trade Matters After All

Ralph Ossa

18112: The Political Risks of Fighting Market Failures: Subversion, Populism and the Government Sponsored Enterprises

Edward Glaeser

18111: When Walmart Comes to Town: Always Low Housing Prices? Always?

Devin Pope and Jaren Pope

18110: Housing Productivity and the Social Cost of Land-Use Restrictions

David Albouy and Gabriel Ehrlich

18109: Meeting Urban Housing Needs: Do People Really Come to the Nuisance?

Brooks Depro, Christopher Timmins and Maggie O'Neil

18108: Estimating the Tradeoff Between Risk Protection and Moral Hazard with a Nonlinear Budget Set Model of Health Insurance

Amanda Kowalski

18107: Trade Credit and Taxes

Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James Hines

18106: Men, Women, and Machines: How Trade Impacts Gender Inequality

Chinhui Juhn, Gergely Ujhelyi and Carolina Villegas-Sanchez

18105: Bankruptcy as Implicit Health Insurance

Neale Mahoney

18104: Volatility, the Macroeconomy and Asset Prices

Ravi Bansal, Dana Kiku, Ivan Shaliastovich and Amir Yaron

18103: Quality of Life, Firm Productivity, and the Value of Amenities across Canadian Cities

David Albouy, Fernando Leibovici and Casey Warman

18102: Macroeconomics with Financial Frictions: A Survey

Markus Brunnermeier, Thomas Eisenbach and Yuliy Sannikov

18101: Elections in China

Monica Martinez-Bravo, Gerard Padró i Miquel, Nancy Qian and Yang Yao

18100: Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Inequality in China

James Heckman and Junjian Yi

18099: Chronic Specie Scarcity and Efficient Barter: The Problem of Maintaining an Outside Money Supply in British Colonial America

Farley Grubb

18098: Market Design in Cap and Trade Programs: Permit Validity and Compliance Timing

Stephen Holland and Michael R. Moore

18097: When did the dollar overtake sterling as the leading international currency? Evidence from the bond markets

Livia Chitu, Barry Eichengreen and Arnaud Mehl

18096: Cultural Proximity and Loan Outcomes

Raymond Fisman, Daniel Paravisini and Vikrant Vig

18095: Private Returns to Public Office

Raymond Fisman, Florian Schulz and Vikrant Vig

18094: Disentangling the Channels of the 2007-2009 Recession

James Stock and Mark Watson

18093: Gender Differences in Bargaining Outcomes: A Field Experiment on Discrimination

Marco Castillo, Ragan Petrie, Maximo Torero and Lise Vesterlund

18092: Managing Currency Pegs

Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe and Martín Uribe

18091: Catch-up and Fall-back through Innovation and Imitation

Jess Benhabib, Jesse Perla and Christopher Tonetti

18090: China and the TPP: A Numerical Simulation Assessment of the Effects Involved

Chunding Li and John Whalley

18089: Pricing Regulation and Imperfect Competition on the Massachusetts Health Insurance Exchange

Keith Ericson and Amanda Starc

18088: Do Welfare Policies Matter for Labor Market Aggregates? Quantifying Safety Net Work Incentives since 2007

Casey Mulligan

18087: The Heterogeneity of the Cigarette Price Effect on Body Mass Index

George Wehby and Charles Courtemanche

18086: Care or Cash? The Effect of Child Care Subsidies on Student Performance

Sandra Black, Paul Devereux, Katrine Løken and Kjell G Salvanes

18085: Slow Recoveries: A Structural Interpretation

Jordi Galí, Frank Smets and Raf Wouters

18084: Financial Risk Measurement for Financial Risk Management

Torben Andersen, Tim Bollerslev, Peter Christoffersen and Francis Diebold

18083: Networked FDI: Sales and Sourcing Patterns of Japanese Foreign Affiliates

Richard Baldwin and Toshihiro Okubo

18082: Why Did So Many People Make So Many Ex Post Bad Decisions? The Causes of the Foreclosure Crisis

Christopher Foote, Kristopher Gerardi and Paul Willen

18081: Fixing the Patent Office

Mark A. Lemley

18080: Family Ties, Inheritance Rights, and Successful Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from Ghana

Edward Kutsoati and Randall Morck

18079: The Rise and Fall of Unions in the U.S

Emin Dinlersoz and Jeremy Greenwood

18078: A Markov-Switching Multi-Fractal Inter-Trade Duration Model, with Application to U.S. Equities

Fei Chen, Francis Diebold and Frank Schorfheide

18077: Has the U.S. Finance Industry Become Less Efficient? On the Theory and Measurement of Financial Intermediation

Thomas Philippon

18076: Sequential or Simultaneous Elections? A Welfare Analysis

Patrick Hummel and Brian Knight

18075: The Effect of Housing Wealth on College Choice: Evidence from the Housing Boom

Michael Lovenheim and Curtis Reynolds

18074: Financial Constraints, Endogenous Markups, and Self-fulfilling Equilibria

Jess Benhabib and Pengfei Wang

18073: Counterfeit or Substandard? Assessing Price and Non-Price Signals of Drug Quality

Roger Bate, Ginger Zhe Jin and Aparna Mathur

18072: Monetary Policy, Liquidity, and Growth

Philippe Aghion, Emmanuel Farhi and Enisse Kharroubi

18071: The Smart Grid, Entry, and Imperfect Competition in Electricity Markets

Hunt Allcott

18070: Weathering the Storm: Hurricanes and Birth Outcomes

Janet Currie and Maya Rossin-Slater

18069: Estimating Racial Price Differentials in the Housing Market

Patrick Bayer, Marcus Casey, Fernando Ferreira and Robert McMillan

18068: Quantile Treatment Effects of College Quality on Earnings: Evidence from Administrative Data in Texas

Rodney J. Andrews, Jing Li and Michael Lovenheim

18067: Foreign Born Scientists: Mobility Patterns for Sixteen Countries

Chiara Franzoni, Giuseppe Scellato and Paula Stephan

18066: The Money Value of a Man

Mark Huggett and Greg Kaplan

18065: Revising Commitments: Field Evidence on the Adjustment of Prior Choices

Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg, Dan Silverman and Dean Yang

18064: Identifying Confirmatory Bias in the Field: Evidence from a Poll of Experts

Rodney J. Andrews, Trevon Logan and Michael J. Sinkey

18063: Pseudo-Predictability in Conditional Asset Pricing Tests: Explaining Anomaly Performance with Politics, the Weather, Global Warming, Sunspots, and the Stars

Robert Novy-Marx

18062: Protectionism Isn't Counter‐Cyclic (anymore)

Andrew Rose