NBER Working Papers

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28711: Product Variety, the Cost of Living and Welfare Across Countries

Alberto Cavallo, Robert Feenstra and Robert Inklaar

28710: Why Have College Completion Rates Increased? An Analysis of Rising Grades

Jeffrey Denning, Eric Eide, Kevin Mumford, Richard Patterson and Merrill Warnick

28709: Merchants of Death: The Effect of Credit Supply Shocks on Hospital Outcomes

Cyrus Aghamolla, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, Xuelin Li and Richard Thakor

28708: (Re)scheduling Pollution Exposure: The Case of Surgery Schedules

Jialin Huang, Jianwei Xing and Eric Zou

28707: Shaping the Habits of Teen Drivers

Timothy Moore and Todd Morris

28706: Groundwater and Crop Choice in the Short and Long Run

Fiona Burlig, Louis Preonas and Matt Woerman

28705: When Scale and Replication Work: Learning from Summer Youth Employment Experiments

Sara Heller

28704: The Economic Ripple Effects of COVID-19

Francisco Buera, Roberto N. Fattal-Jaef, Hugo Hopenhayn, Pablo Neumeyer and Yongseok Shin

28703: The Effects of Default Choice on Student Loan Borrowing: Experimental Evidence from a Public Research University

Dennis A. Kramer, Christina J. Lamb and Lindsay C. Page

28702: The Ruble Collapse in an Online Marketplace: Some Lessons for Market Designers

John J. Horton

28701: Computerization, Obsolescence, and the Length of Working Life

Péter Hudomiet and Robert J. Willis

28700: Opening up Military Innovation: Causal Effects of Reforms to U.S. Defense Research

Sabrina T. Howell, Jason Rathje, John van Reenen and Jun Wong

28699: The Impact of Domestic Travel Bans on COVID-19 is Nonlinear in Their Duration

Fiona Burlig, Anant Sudarshan and Garrison Schlauch

28698: Structural Models: Inception and Frontier

Sebastian Galiani and Juan Pantano

28697: The Distribution of Investor Beliefs, Stock Ownership and Stock Returns

Gikas Hardouvelis, Georgios Karalas and Dimitri Vayanos

28696: The International Transmission of Local Economic Shocks Through Migrant Networks

María Esther Caballero, Brian Cadena and Brian Kovak

28695: Wage Flexibility Under Sectoral Bargaining

David Card and Ana Rute Cardoso

28694: Barriers to Global Capital Allocation

Bruno Pellegrino, Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg

28693: Risky Business Cycles

Susanto Basu, Giacomo Candian, Ryan Chahrour and Rosen Valchev

28692: Do Intermediaries Matter for Aggregate Asset Prices?

Valentin Haddad and Tyler Muir

28691: Discount Rate Risk in Private Equity: Evidence from Secondary Market Transactions

Brian Boyer, Taylor D. Nadauld, Keith P. Vorkink and Michael Weisbach

28690: Quantifying Brand Loyalty: Evidence from the Cigarette Market

Philip DeCicca, Donald Kenkel, Feng Liu and Jason Somerville

28689: Priority-based Assignment with Reserves and Quotas

Atila Abdulkadiroğlu and Aram Grigoryan

28688: College as a Marriage Market

Lars Kirkebøen, Edwin Leuven and Magne Mogstad

28687: What Triggers Stock Market Jumps?

Scott Baker, Nicholas Bloom, Steven Davis and Marco C. Sammon

28686: Crime and Gender Segregation: Evidence from the Bogota "Pico y Genero" Lockdown

Brian Knight, Maria Mercedes Ponce de Leon and Ana Tribin

28685: Collateral Heterogeneity and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from Loans to SMEs and Large Firms

Cecilia R. Caglio, Matthew Darst and Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

28684: Diversity and Performance in Entrepreneurial Teams

Sophie Calder-Wang, Paul Gompers and Kevin Huang

28683: Combating Political Corruption with Policy Bundles

Frederico Finan and Maurizio Mazzocco

28682: Gender, Selection into Employment, and the Wage Impact of Immigration

George Borjas and Anthony Edo

28681: Technology and the Task Content of Jobs across the Development Spectrum

Julieta Caunedo, Elisa Keller and Yongseok Shin

28680: How Do Business Owners Respond to a Tax Cut? Examining the 199A Deduction for Pass-through Firms

Lucas Goodman, Katherine Lim, Bruce Sacerdote and Andrew Whitten

28679: Venture Capital’s “Me Too” Moment

Sophie Calder-Wang, Paul Gompers and Patrick Sweeney

28678: Addressing Biases that Impact Homeowners’ Adoption of Solar Panels

Howard Kunreuther, Anna Polise and Quinlyn Spellmeyer

28677: Robust Decarbonization of the US Power Sector: Policy Options

James H. Stock and Daniel N. Stuart

28676: Optimal Deposit Insurance

Eduardo Davila and Itay Goldstein

28675: Flattening the Curve: Pandemic-Induced Revaluation of Urban Real Estate

Arpit Gupta, Vrinda Mittal, Jonas Peeters and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

28674: Minority Turnout and Representation under Cumulative Voting. An Experiment

Alessandra Casella, Jeffrey Guo and Michelle Jiang

28673: Ideology and Performance in Public Organizations

Jörg Spenkuch, Edoardo Teso and Guo Xu

28672: The Impact of Paid Family Leave on Employers: Evidence from New York

Ann P. Bartel, Maya Rossin-Slater, Christopher Ruhm, Meredith Slopen and Jane Waldfogel

28671: Immigration and Regional Specialization in AI

Gordon Hanson

28670: Medicaid and Fiscal Federalism During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jeffrey Clemens, Benedic N. Ippolito and Stan Veuger

28669: The Insurance Value of Financial Aid

Kristy Fan, Tyler J. Fisher and Andrew Samwick

28668: Surviving the Fintech Disruption

Wei Jiang, Yuehua Tang, Rachel (Jiqiu) Xiao and Vincent Yao

28667: Web of Power: How Elite Networks Shaped War and Politics in China

Ying Bai, Ruixue Jia and Jiaojiao Yang

28666: The Production and Consumption of Social Media

Apostolos Filippas and John J. Horton

28665: Civil Service Exams and Organizational Performance: Evidence from the Pendleton Act

Diana Moreira and Santiago Perez

28664: Do Workfare Programs Live Up to Their Promises? Experimental Evidence from Cote D’Ivoire

Marianne Bertrand, Bruno Crépon, Alicia Marguerie and Patrick Premand

28663: The Alpha Beta Gamma of the Labor Market

Victoria Gregory, Guido Menzio and David Wiczer

28662: Terrorism and Political Attitudes: Evidence from European Social Surveys

Giovanni Peri, Daniel Rees and Brock Smith

28661: Persuading with Anecdotes

Nika Haghtalab, Nicole Immorlica, Brendan Lucier, Markus Mobius and Divyarthi Mohan

28660: “I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For”: Evidence of Directed Search from a Field Experiment

Haoran He, David Neumark and Qian Weng

28659: The Welfare Effect of a Consumer Subsidy with Price Ceilings: The Case of Chinese Cell Phones

Ying Fan and Ge Zhang

28658: Arbitrage Capital of Global Banks

Alyssa G. Anderson, Wenxin Du and Bernd Schlusche

28657: Productivity Growth and Workers’ Job Transitions: Evidence from Censal Microdata

Elias Albagli, Mario Canales, Chad Syverson, Matias Tapia and Juan Wlasiuk

28656: The Great Transition: Kuznets Facts for Family-Economists

Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner and Ricardo Marto

28655: Diversity and Team Performance in a Kenyan Organization

Benjamin Marx, Vincent Pons and Tavneet Suri

28654: Repricing Avalanches

Makoto Nirei and José A. Scheinkman

28653: Choosing the Future: Markets, Ethics, and Rapprochement in Social Discounting

Antony Millner and Geoffrey Heal

28652: Parental Skills, Assortative Mating, and the Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder

N. Meltem Daysal, Todd Elder, Judith K. Hellerstein, Scott Imberman and Chiara Orsini

28651: Correcting Perceived Social Distancing Norms to Combat COVID-19

James Allen, Arlete Mahumane, James Riddell Iv, Tanya Rosenblat, Dean Yang and Hang Yu

28650: Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?

Benjamin Enke, Uri Gneezy, Brian Hall, David C. Martin, Vadim Nelidov, Theo Offerman and Jeroen van de Ven

28649: Representation is Not Sufficient for Selecting Gender Diversity

Justus A. Baron, Bernhard Ganglmair, Nicola Persico, Timothy Simcoe and Emanuele Tarantino

28648: Mammograms and Mortality: How Has the Evidence Evolved?

Amanda Kowalski

28647: The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana

D. Mark Anderson and Daniel Rees

28646: Policy Implications of Non-Linear Effects of Tax Changes on Output

Samara Gunter, Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

28645: Back to School: The Effect of School Visits During COVID-19 on COVID-19 Transmission

Dena Bravata, Jonathan H. Cantor, Neeraj Sood and Christopher Whaley

28644: Guaranteed Markets and Corporate Scientific Research

Sharon Belenzon and Larisa C. Cioaca

28643: Labor Rationing

Emily Breza, Supreet Kaur and Yogita Shamdasani

28642: Surviving a Mass Shooting

Prashant Bharadwaj, Manudeep Bhuller, Katrine Løken and Mirjam Wentzel

28641: Food vs. Food Stamps: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia

Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Benjamin Olken, Elan Satriawan and Sudarno Sumarto

28640: The Labor Effects of Judicial Bias in Bankruptcy

Aloisio Araujo, Rafael Ferreira, Spyridon Lagaras, Flavio Moraes, Jacopo Ponticelli and Margarita Tsoutsoura

28639: The Pricing Strategies of Online Grocery Retailers

Diego Aparicio, Zachary Metzman and Roberto Rigobon

28638: Optimal Product Design: Implications for Competition and Growth under Declining Search Frictions

Guido Menzio

28637: Taxing Property in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence from Mexico

Anne Brockmeyer, Alejandro Estefan, Karina Ramírez Arras and Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato

28636: Pandemics, Incentives, and Economic Policy: A Dynamic Model

Roberto Chang, Humberto Martínez and Andrés Velasco

28635: Dispersion in Financing Costs and Development

Tiago Cavalcanti, Joseph Kaboski, Bruno S. Martins and Cezar Santos

28634: Effects of School Shootings on Risky Behavior, Health and Human Capital

Partha Deb and Anjelica Gangaram

28633: Changing Returns to Scale in Manufacturing 1880-1930: The Rise of (Skilled) Labor?

Jeanne Lafortune, Ethan Lewis, José Pablo Martínez and José Tessada

28632: From Mancession to Shecession: Women's Employment in Regular and Pandemic Recessions

Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll and Michele Tertilt

28631: Monopoly of Taxation Without a Monopoly of Violence: The Weak State’s Trade-Offs From Taxation

Soeren J. Henn, Christian Mastaki Mugaruka, Miguel Ortiz, Raúl Sánchez de la Sierra and David Qihang Wu

28630: Can Automatic Retention Improve Health Insurance Market Outcomes?

Adrianna L. McIntyre, Mark Shepard and Myles Wagner

28629: COVID-19 Time-varying Reproduction Numbers Worldwide: An Empirical Analysis of Mandatory and Voluntary Social Distancing

Alexander Chudik, Mohammad Pesaran and Alessandro Rebucci

28628: Estimating the Financial Impact of Gene Therapy in the U.S

Chi Heem Wong, Dexin Li, Nina Wang, Jonathan Gruber, Rena M. Conti and Andrew Lo

28627: Dry Bulk Shipping and the Evolution of Maritime Transport Costs, 1850-2020

David Jacks and Martin Stuermer

28626: Using Machine Learning and Qualitative Interviews to Design a Five-Question Women's Agency Index

Seema Jayachandran, Monica Biradavolu and Jan Cooper

28625: The Effect of Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Household Spending

Olivier Coibion, Dimitris Georgarakos, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Geoff Kenny and Michael Weber

28624: Discontinued Positive Feedback Trading and the Decline of Return Predictability

Itzhak Ben-David, Jiacui Li, Andrea Rossi and Yang Song

28623: When Did Growth Begin? New Estimates of Productivity Growth in England from 1250 to 1870

Paul Bouscasse, Emi Nakamura and Jón Steinsson

28622: Body-Worn Cameras in Policing: Benefits and Costs

Morgan C. Williams, Nathan Weil, Elizabeth A. Rasich, Jens Ludwig, Hye Chang and Sophia Egrari

28621: Public Health Policy at Scale: Impact of a Government-sponsored Information Campaign on Infant Mortality in Denmark

Onur Altindag, Jane Greve and Erdal Tekin

28620: Carbon Policy and the Emissions Implications of Electric Vehicles

Kenneth Gillingham, Marten Ovaere and Stephanie M. Weber

28619: The Incidence and Magnitude of the Health Costs of In-person Schooling during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Casey Mulligan

28618: Millennials and the Take-Off of Craft Brands: Preference Formation in the U.S. Beer Industry

Bart J. Bronnenberg, Jean-Pierre H. Dubé and Joonhwi Joo

28617: The Causal Effects of Lockdown Policies on Health and Macroeconomic Outcomes

Jonas E. Arias, Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde, Juan F Rubio-Ramirez and Minchul Shin

28616: The Smoot-Hawley Trade War

Kris James Mitchener, Kirsten Wandschneider and Kevin O'Rourke

28615: Big Data in Finance

Itay Goldstein, Chester S. Spatt and Mao Ye

28614: Weather, Climate, and Migration in the United States

Jamie T. Mullins and Prashant Bharadwaj

28613: Financial and Total Wealth Inequality with Declining Interest Rates

Daniel Greenwald, Matteo Leombroni, Hanno Lustig and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

28612: Does LEED Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Retrofitted Federal Buildings

Karen Clay, Edson Severnini and Xiaochen Sun