NBER Working Papers

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4471: Tests of Microstructural Hypotheses in the Foreign Exchange Market

Richard Lyons

4470: Saving and Growth: A Reinterpretation

Christopher Carroll and David Weil

4469: Health Insurance Availability and the Retirement Decision

Jonathan Gruber and Brigitte Madrian

4468: Firms' Use of Outside Contractors: Theory and Evidence

Katharine Abraham and Susan K. Taylor

4467: Optimal Transparency in a Dealership Market with an Application to Foreign Exchange

Richard Lyons

4466: Scale, Scope and Spillovers: The Determinants of Research Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Rebecca Henderson and Iain Cockburn

4465: A Domino Theory of Regionalism

Richard Baldwin

4464: Getting Together and Breaking Apart: The Decline of Centralised Collective Bargaining

Richard Freeman and Robert Gibbons

4463: Competitive Diffusion

Boyan Jovanovic and Glenn MacDonald

4462: The Effect of Labor Market Rigidities on the Labor Force Behavior of Older Workers

Michael Hurd

4461: Bilateral Search as an Explanation for Labor Market Segmentation and Other Anomalies

Kevin Lang and William T. Dickens

4460: Uncertain Demand, The Structure of Hospital Costs, and the Cost of EmptyHospital Beds

Martin Gaynor and Gerard F. Anderson

4459: The World Price of Foreign Exchange Risk

Bernard Dumas and Bruno Solnik

4458: Realignment Risk and Currency Option Pricing in Target Zones

Bernard Dumas, Peter Jennergren and Bertil Naslund

4457: The Efficiency of the Legal System versus the Income Tax in Redistributing Income

Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell

4456: Zoning and the Political Economy of Local Redistribution

Raquel Fernandez and Richard Rogerson

4455: Diffusion Lags and Aggregate Fluctuations. New Name: Product Innovation and the Business Cycle

Boyan Jovanovic and Saul Lach

4454: A Cohort Analysis of Saving Behavior by U.S. Households

Orazio Attanasio

4453: Consumption over the Life Cycle and over the Business Cycle

Orazio Attanasio and Martin Browning

4452: New Goods, Old Theory, and the Welfare Costs of Trade Restrictions

Paul Romer

4451: Do Low-Income Countries have a High-Wage Option?

Dani Rodrik

4450: Independent Living and Homeownership: An Analysis of Australian Youth

Steven Bourassa, Donald Haurin, R. Jean Haurin and Patric Hendershott

4449: Specification and Analysis of a Monetary Policy Rule for Japan

Bennett McCallum

4448: Credibility of Policies versus Credibility of Policymakers

Allan Drazen and Paul Masson

4447: Lawyers as Agents of the Devil in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game

Orley Ashenfelter and David Bloom

4446: Partial- Vs. General-Equilibrium Models of the International Capital Market

Bernard Dumas

4445: Trade Blocs, Currency Blocs and the Disintegration of World Trade in the 1930s

Barry Eichengreen and Douglas Irwin

4444: International R&D Spillovers

David Coe and Elhanan Helpman

4443: Optimality of the Friedman Rule in Economies with Distorting Taxes

Varadarajan Chari, Lawrence Christiano and Patrick Kehoe

4442: The Term Structure of Forward Exchange Premia and the Forecastibility of Spot Exchange Rates: Correcting the Errors

Richard Clarida and Mark Taylor

4441: The Life-Cycle of a Competitive Industry

Boyan Jovanovic and Glenn MacDonald

4440: Equity and Nonequity Determinants of FHA Single-Family Mortgage Foreclosures in the 1980s

Patric Hendershott and William R. Schultz

4439: Nominal Income Targeting

Robert Hall and N. Gregory Mankiw

4438: International Evidence on Tradables and Nontradable Inflation

Jose De Gregorio and Alberto Giovannini

4437: Permanent Income, Import Prices, and the Demand for Imported Consumer Durbales: A Structural Econometric Investigation

Richard Clarida

4436: Is Fixed Investment the Key to Economic Growth?

Magnus Blomstrom, Robert Lipsey and Mario Zejan

4435: Tax Incentives and the Decision to Purchase Health Insurance: Evidence from the Self-Employed

Jonathan Gruber and James Poterba

4434: Unemployment Benefits, Labor Market Transitions, and Spurious Flows: A Multinational Logit Model with Errors in Classification

James Poterba and Lawrence Summers

4433: Growth in a Dual Economy

Magnus Blomstrom and Edward Wolff

4432: Restrictions on Medicaid Funding of Abortion: Effects on Pregnancy Resolutions and Birth Weight

Janet Currie, Lucia Nixon and Nancy Cole

4431: Did Criminal Activity Increase During the 1980s? Comparisons Across Data Sources

Scott Boggess and John Bound

4430: Sustainable Growth and the Green Golden Rule

Andrea Beltratti, Graciela Chichilnisky and Geoffrey Heal

4429: When Do Women Use AFDC & Food Stamps? The Dynamics of Eligibility vs. Participation

Rebecca Blank and Patricia Ruggles

4428: Assessing Clinton's Program on Job Training, Workfare, and Education in the Workplace

James Heckman

4427: Favoritism in Organizations

Canice Prendergast and Robert Topel

4426: Growth Effects of Flat-Rate Taxes

Nancy Stokey and Sergio Rebelo

4425: Who Should Abate Carbon Emissions? An International Viewpoint

Graciela Chichilnisky and Geoffrey Heal

4424: Retirement Systems in Developed and Developing Countries: Institutional Features, Economic Effects, and Lessons for Economies in Transition

Olivia Mitchell

4423: Innovations and Technological Spillovers

M. Ishaq Nadiri

4422: Inflation and Growth in an Integrated Approach

Michael Bruno

4421: The Choice Between Public and Private Debt: An Analysis of Post-Deregulation Corporate Financing in Japan

Takeo Hoshi, Anil Kashyap and David Scharfstein

4420: The Profitabality of Colonialism

Herschel Grossman and Murat Iyigun

4419: Trade Liberalization in Disinflation

Dani Rodrik

4418: Environmental Costs Paid by the Polluter or the Beneficiary? The Case of CERCLA and Superfund

Don Fullerton and Seng-Su Tsang

4417: Trade and Industrial Policy Reform in Developing Countries: A Review of Recent Theory and Evidence

Dani Rodrik

4416: Top Executives, Turnover and Firm Performance in Germany

Steven Kaplan

4415: Labor Productivity During the Great Depression

Michael Bordo and Charles Evans

4414: Pattern in Regional Labor Market Adjustment: The United States vs. Japan

Edward B. Montgomery

4413: Post-Retirement Increases in Pensions in the 1980s: Did Plan Finances Matter?

Steven Allen, Robert L. Clark and Ann A. McDermed

4412: An Exact Soultion for the Investment and Market Value of a Firm Facing Uncertainty, Adjustment Costs, and Irreversibility

Andrew Abel and Janice Eberly

4411: Social Insurance and Transition

Andrew Atkeson and Patrick Kehoe

4410: Round-the-clock Trading: Evidence from U.K. Cross-Listed Securities

Allan W. Kleidon and Ingrid M. Werner

4409: The Effect of Low Birthweight on the Health, Behavior, and School Performance of School-Aged Children

Hope Corman and Stephen Chaikind

4408: Corporate-Finance Benefits from Universal Banking: Germany and the United States, 1870-1914

Charles Calomiris

4407: Welfare Transfers in Two-Parent Families: Labor Supply and Welfare Participation Under AFDC-UP

Hilary Hoynes

4406: Does Head Start Make a Difference?

Janet Currie and Duncan Thomas

4405: Reassessing the Social Returns to Equipment Investment

Alan Auerbach, Kevin Hassett and Stephen Oliner

4404: U.S. Commercial Banking: Trends, Cycles, and Policy

John H. Boyd and Mark Gertler

4403: Cattle Cycles

Sherwin Rosen, Kevin Murphy and Jose Scheinkman

4402: Does Public Health Insurance Reduce Labor Market Flexibility or Encourage the Underground Economy? Evidence from Spain and the United States

Sara De La Rica and Thomas Lemieux

4401: Measuring the Welfare Effect of Quality Change: Theory and Application of Japanese Autos

Robert Feenstra

4400: Reputation Formation in Early Bank Debt Markets

Gary Gorton

4399: Market Share and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in World Automobile Trade

Robert Feenstra, Joseph Gagnon and Michael M. Knetter

4398: Living Arrangements: Health and Wealth Effects

Axel Borsch-Supan, Daniel McFadden and Reinhold Schnabel

4397: Altered States: Taxes and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment in America

James Hines

4396: Aggregate Income Risks and Hedging Mechanisms

Robert Shiller

4395: Presidential Leadership and the Reform of Fiscal Policy: Learning from Reagan's Role in TRA 86

Robert P. Inman

4394: Labor Demand and the Source of Adjustment Costs

Daniel Hamermesh

4393: Ranking Mutual Funds on an After-Tax Basis

Joel M. Dickson and John B. Shoven

4392: Internal Finance and Firm Investment

Robert Hubbard, Anil Kashyap and Toni Whited

4391: Do 401(k) Contributions Crowd Out Other Persoanl Saving?

James Poterba, Steven Venti and David Wise

4390: Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility? Lessons from Germany, France, and Belgium

Katharine Abraham and Susan Houseman

4389: Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence

David Hummels and James Levinsohn

4388: Health Insurance Provision and Labor Market Efficiency in the United States

Douglas Holtz-Eakin

4387: Is A Value Added Tax Progressive? Annual Versus Lifetime Incidence Measures

Erik Caspersen and Gilbert Metcalf

4386: The Allocation of Time: Young Versus Elderly Households in Japan

Tadashi Yamada and Tetsuji Yamada

4385: Effects of Alcohol Price Policy on Youth

Michael Grossman, Frank Chaloupka, Henry Saffer and Adit Laixuthai

4384: Did the Thatcher Reforms Change British Labour Performance?

David Blanchflower and Richard Freeman

4383: Timing is All: Elections and the Duration of United States Business Cycles

Michael Klein

4382: Efficiency of the Tokyo Housing Market

Takatoshi Ito and Keiko Nosse Hirono

4381: Effciency and Equality in a Simple Model of Unemployment Insurance

Andrew Atkeson and Robert Lucas

4380: Economic Instability and Aggregate Investment

Robert Pindyck and Andres Solimano

4379: The Common Development of Institutional Change as Measured by Income Velocity: A Century of Evidence from Industrialized Countries

Michael Bordo, Lars Jonung and Pierre Siklos

4378: Investment in Manufacturing, Exchange-Rates and External Exposure

Jose Campa and Linda Goldberg

4377: Are Forign Exchange Intervention and Monetary Policy Related and Does it Really Matter?

Karen Lewis

4376: Tobin's Q, Corporate Diversification and Firm Performance

Larry Lang and René Stulz

4375: State Responses to Fiscal Crisis: The Effects of Budgetary Institutionsand Politics

James Poterba

4374: Garbage, Recycling, and Illicit Burning or Dumping

Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman

4373: Prices and Trading Volume in the Housing Market: A Model with Downpayment Effects

Jeremy Stein

4372: Corruption

Andrei Shleifer and Robert Vishny