NBER Working Papers

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13609: Mechanisms for the Association Between Maternal Employment and Child Cognitive Development

John Cawley and Feng Liu

13608: The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins

Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes and Andrei Shleifer

13607: New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability

Dale F. Gray, Robert Merton and Zvi Bodie

13606: Segregation and Black Political Efficacy

Elizabeth Oltmans Ananat and Ebonya L. Washington

13605: Canada's Pioneering Experience with a Flexible Exchange Rate in the 1950s:(Hard) Lessons Learned for Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy

Michael Bordo, Ali Dib and Lawrence Schembri

13604: Financial Risk in the Biotechnology Industry

Joseph H. Golec and John A. Vernon

13603: Business Cycle Fluctuations and the Life Cycle: How Important is On-The-Job Skill Accumulation?

Gary Hansen and Selahattin Imrohoroglu

13602: Capital Flows to Developing Countries: The Allocation Puzzle

Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and Olivier Jeanne

13601: Did Firms Substitute Dividends for Share Repurchases after the 2003 Reductions in Shareholder Tax Rates?

Jennifer L. Blouin, Jana Smith Raedy and Douglas Shackelford

13600: Maternal Employment and Childhood Obesity: A Search for Mechanisms in Time Use Data

John Cawley and Feng Liu

13599: The Mortality Cost to Smokers

W Viscusi and Joni Hersch

13598: The Political-Economy Positive Role of the Social Security System in Sustaining Immigration (But Not Vice Versa)

Edith Sand and Assaf Razin

13597: Bank Failures in Theory and History: The Great Depression and Other "Contagious" Events

Charles Calomiris

13596: Whoa, Nellie! Empirical Tests of College Football's Conventional Wisdom

Trevon Logan

13595: Body Composition and Wages

Roy Wada and Erdal Tekin

13594: Measuring the Values for Time

Raymond B. Palmquist, Daniel Phaneuf and V. Smith

13593: Incentive Conflict In Central-Bank Responses to Sectoral Turmoil in Financial Hub Countries

Edward Kane

13592: Measuring the Welfare Gain from Personal Computers: A Macroeconomic Approach

Jeremy Greenwood and Karen Kopecky

13591: Modeling Great Depressions: The Depression in Finland in the 1990s

Juan Carlos Conesa, Timothy Kehoe and Kim Ruhl

13590: Policy with Dispersed Information

George-Marios Angeletos and Alessandro Pavan

13589: Factor Endowments and the Returns to Skill: New Evidence from the American Past

Joseph Kaboski and Trevon Logan

13588: Global Yield Curve Dynamics and Interactions: A Dynamic Nelson-Siegel Approach

Francis Diebold, Canlin Li and Vivian Yue

13587: Too Good to Be True? An Examination of Three Economic Assessments of California Climate Change Policy

Robert Stavins, Judson Jaffe and Todd Schatzki

13586: The Impacts of Renminbi Appreciation on Trades Flows and Reserve Accumulation in a Monetary Trade Model

Li Wang and John Whalley

13585: How Much Uncompensated Care do Doctors Provide?

Jonathan Gruber and David Rodriguez

13584: Real Options in a Dynamic Agency Model, with Applications to Financial Development, IPOs, and Business Risk

Thomas Philippon and Yuliy Sannikov

13583: Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Demographic Dividend

David Bloom, David Canning, Günther Fink and Jocelyn Finlay

13582: Temporary Help Services Employment in Portugal, 1995-2000

Rene Boeheim and Ana Rute Cardoso

13581: Evaluating the Impure Chinese VAT Relative to a Pure Form in a Simple Monetary Trade Model with an Endogenous Trade Surplus

John Whalley and Li Wang

13580: How the World Achieved Consensus on Monetary Policy

Marvin Goodfriend

13579: Social Reinforcement: Cascades, Entrapment and Tipping

Geoffrey Heal and Howard Kunreuther

13578: Who Gets What from Employer Pay or Play Mandates?

Richard Burkhauser and Kosali Simon

13577: Foreign Capital and Economic Growth in the First Era of Globalization

Michael Bordo and Christopher Meissner

13576: Immigration and Crime in Early 20th Century America

Carolyn Moehling and Anne Piehl

13575: Environmental Law and Policy

Richard L. Revesz and Robert Stavins

13574: Environmental Economics

Robert Stavins

13573: Water Demand Under Alternative Price Structures

Sheila Olmstead, Michael Hanemann and Robert Stavins

13572: What Drives Land-Use Change in the United States? A National Analysis of Landowner Decisions

Ruben N. Lubowski, Andrew J. Plantinga and Robert Stavins

13571: Endogenous Discounting, the World Saving Glut and the U.S. Current Account

Horag Choi, Nelson Mark and Donggyu Sul

13570: Corporate Financial Policies With Overconfident Managers

Ulrike Malmendier, Geoffrey Tate and Jonathan Yan

13569: Assessing Monetary Policy Effects Using Daily Fed Funds Futures Contracts

James Hamilton

13568: Long-Run Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure: Narrowing, Widening, Polarizing

Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz

13567: Victory or Repudiation? The Probability of the Southern Confederacy Winning the Civil War

Marc Weidenmier and Kim Oosterlinck

13566: Will Monetary Policy Become More of a Science?

Frederic Mishkin

13565: Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation

Maarten van Rooij, Annamaria Lusardi and Rob Alessie

13564: Eminent Domain Versus Government Purchase of Land Given Imperpect Information About Owners' Valuation

Steven Shavell

13563: On Optimal Legal Change, Past Behavior, and Grandfathering

Steven Shavell

13562: Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote to Improve the Well-Being of Others

Aaron Edlin, Andrew Gelman and Noah Kaplan

13561: Is the Food and Drug Administration Safe and Effective?

Tomas Philipson and Eric Sun

13560: Financiers vs. Engineers: Should the Financial Sector be Taxed or Subsidized?

Thomas Philippon

13559: Enforcement Problems and Secondary Markets

Fernando Broner, Alberto Martin and Jaume Ventura

13558: Low Interest Rates and High Asset Prices: An Interpretation in Terms of Changing Popular Economic Models

Robert Shiller

13557: Transfers in Cash and In Kind: Theory Meets the Data

Janet Currie and Firouz Gahvari

13556: Globalization and Inflation Dynamics: the Impact of Increased Competition

Argia Sbordone

13555: A Multiplier Approach to Understanding the Macro Implications of Household Finance

YiLi Chien, Harold Cole and Hanno Lustig

13554: The Incidence of a U.S. Carbon Tax: A Lifetime and Regional Analysis

Kevin Hassett, Aparna Mathur and Gilbert Metcalf

13553: Understanding Recent Trends in House Prices and Home Ownership

Robert Shiller

13552: China's Exports and Employment

Robert Feenstra and Chang Hong

13551: Entrepreneurship and the City

Edward Glaeser

13550: Measuring Ancient Inequality

Branko Milanovic, Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson

13549: Still the Economy, Stupid: Economic Voting in the 2004 Presidential Election

Jeffrey DeSimone and Courtney LaFountain

13548: Do Tax Cuts Starve the Beast: The Effect of Tax Changes on Government Spending

Christina Romer and David Romer

13547: Star Scientists, Innovation and Regional and National Immigration

Lynne Zucker and Michael Darby

13546: The Impact of Milton Friedman on Modern Monetary Economics: Setting the Record Straight on Paul Krugman's "Who Was Milton Friedman?"

Edward Nelson and Anna Schwartz

13545: Rent Seeking and the Unveiling of 'De Facto' Institutions: Development and Colonial Heritage within Brazil

Joana Naritomi, Rodrigo Soares and Juliano Assuncao

13544: Optimal Monetary Policy and the Sources of Local-Currency Price Stability

Giancarlo Corsetti, Luca Dedola and Sylvain Leduc

13543: Was Postwar Suburbanization "White Flight"? Evidence from the Black Migration

Leah Boustan

13542: Macroeconomic Modeling for Monetary Policy Evaluation

Jordi Galí and Mark Gertler

13541: Sex Differences in Obesity Rates in Poor Countries: Evidence from South Africa

Anne Case and Alicia Menendez

13540: Hold-up, Asset Ownership, and Reference Points

Oliver Hart

13539: Mosquitoes: The Long-term Effects of Malaria Eradication in India

David Cutler, Winnie Fung, Michael Kremer, Monica Singhal and Tom Vogl

13538: An Agency Theory of Dividend Taxation

Raj Chetty and Emmanuel Saez

13537: Rational and Behavioral Perspectives on the Role of Annuities in Retirement Planning

Jeffrey Brown

13536: Labor Market Status and Transitions during the Pre-Retirement Years: Learning from International Differences

Arie Kapteyn, James Smith, Arthur van Soest and James Banks

13535: Do Political Parties Matter? Evidence from U.S. Cities

Fernando Ferreira and Joseph Gyourko

13534: Estimating Marginal Returns to Higher Education in the UK

Robert Moffitt

13533: Demographic Change and the Structure of Wages: A Demand-Theoretic Analysis for Brazil

Ernesto F. L. Amaral, Daniel Hamermesh, Joseph E. Potter and Eduardo L.G. Rios-Neto

13532: Productivity and U.S. Macroeconomic Performance: Interpreting the Past and Predicting the Future with a Two-Sector Real Business Cycle Model

Peter Ireland and Scott Schuh

13531: Export Dynamics in Colombia: Firm-Level Evidence

Jonathan Eaton, Marcela Eslava, Maurice Kugler and James Tybout

13530: What Have We Learned From Market Design?

Alvin Roth

13529: The Effects of a Centralized Clearinghouse on Job Placement, Wages, and Hiring Practices

Muriel Niederle and Alvin Roth

13528: Employer Health Insurance Mandates and the Risk of Unemployment

Katherine Baicker and Helen Levy

13527: The Changing Role of Family Income and Ability in Determining Educational Achievement

Philippe Belley and Lance Lochner

13526: The Evolution of Inequality, Heterogeneity and Uncertainty in Labor Earnings in the U.S. Economy

Flavio Cunha and James Heckman

13525: Understanding the Accrual Anomaly

Jin Ginger Wu, Lu Zhang and X. Frank Zhang

13524: School Finance Reform: Assessing General Equilibrium Effects

Dennis Epple and Maria Marta Ferreyra

13523: The Changing Nature of Wage Inequality

Thomas Lemieux

13522: Dynamic Product Repositioning in Differentiated Product Markets: The Case of Format Switching in the Commercial Radio Industry

Andrew Sweeting

13521: Shocks, Structures or Monetary Policies? The Euro Area and US After 2001

Lawrence Christiano, Roberto Motto and Massimo Rostagno

13520: The Role of Temporary Help Employment in Low-wage Worker Advancement

Carolyn Heinrich, Peter Mueser and Kenneth Troske

13519: The Impact of Research Grant Funding on Scientific Productivity

Brian Jacob and Lars Lefgren

13518: Housing and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism

Frederic Mishkin

13517: Computing Stochastic Dynamic Economic Models with a Large Number of State Variables: A Description and Application of a Smolyak-Collocation Method

Benjamin Malin, Dirk Krueger and Felix Kubler

13516: Observational Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Field Experiment

Hongbin Cai, Yuyu Chen and Hanming Fang

13515: Openness, Technology Capital, and Development

Ellen McGrattan and Edward Prescott

13514: The Effect of Grade Retention on High School Completion

Brian Jacob and Lars Lefgren

13513: The Value of Scarce Water: Measuring the Inefficiency of Municipal Regulations

Erin Mansur and Sheila M. Olmstead

13512: Averting Regulatory Enforcement: Evidence from New Source Review

Nathaniel Keohane, Erin Mansur and Andrey Voynov

13511: Do Oligopolists Pollute Less? Evidence from a Restructured Electricity Market

Erin Mansur

13510: Prices vs. Quantities: Environmental Regulation and Imperfect Competition

Erin Mansur