NBER Working Papers

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32062: Technology and the Global Economy

Jonathan Eaton and Samuel Kortum

32061: The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluation

Billur Aksoy, Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler

32060: The Changing Nature of Pollution, Income, and Environmental Inequality in the United States

Jonathan Colmer, Suvy Qin, John L. Voorheis and Reed Walker

32059: Quantifying the Social Value of a Universal COVID-19 Vaccine and Incentivizing Its Development

Rachel Glennerster, Thomas Kelly, Claire T. McMahon and Christopher Snyder

32058: Do Earmarks Target Low-Income and Minority Communities? Evidence from US Drinking Water

David A. Keiser, Bhashkar Mazumder, David Molitor, Joseph Shapiro and Brant J. Walker

32057: The Anatomy of Concentration: New Evidence From a Unified Framework

Kenneth Ahern, Lei Kong and Xinyan Yan

32056: Capital, Ideas, and the Costs of Financial Frictions

Pablo Ottonello and Thomas Winberry

32055: Addiction, Thick Market Externalities, and the Persistence of the Opioid Epidemic

David Cutler and J. Travis Donahoe

32054: Stacked Difference-in-Differences

Coady Wing, Seth Freedman and Alex Hollingsworth

32053: Central Banks, Stock Markets, and the Real Economy

Ricardo Caballero and Alp Simsek

32052: Tech-Driven Intermediation in the Originate-to-Distribute Model

Zhiguo He, Sheila Jiang and Douglas Xu

32051: Sorting under Risk Sharing and Complementarities

Hector Chade and Ilse Lindenlaub

32050: The Economics of Information in a World of Disinformation: A Survey Part 2: Direct Communication

Joseph Stiglitz and Andrew Kosenko

32049: The Economics of Information in a World of Disinformation: A Survey Part 1: Indirect Communication

Joseph Stiglitz and Andrew Kosenko

32048: Digital Information Provision and Behavior Change: Lessons from Six Experiments in East Africa

Raissa Fabregas, Michael Kremer, Matthew Lowes, Robert On and Giulia Zane

32047: Using Satellite Imagery to Detect the Impacts of New Highways: An Application to India

Kathryn Baragwanath Vogel, Gordon Hanson, Amit Khandelwal, Chen Liu and Hogeun Park

32046: Religious Conversion across Countries

Robert Barro and Rachel M. McCleary

32045: The Impact of Comprehensive Student Support on Crime: Evidence from the Pathways to Education Program

Adam Lavecchia, Philip Oreopoulos and Noah Spencer

32044: The Puzzling Behavior of Spreads during Covid

Stelios S. Fourakis and Loukas Karabarbounis

32043: Stated Preference Estimates of the Average Social Cost of Carbon

Matthew Ashenfarb and Matthew Kotchen

32042: Using Mobile Device Activity Data to Study Local Variation in Onsite Work

Katharine Abraham, Mohammad Ashoori, Aref Darzi, Nathalie Gonzalez, John Haltiwanger, Aliakbar Kabiri and Erkut Ozbay

32041: Is the Electricity Sector a Weak Link in Development?

Jonathan Colmer, David Lagakos and Martin Shu

32040: What Works and For Whom? Effectiveness and Efficiency of School Capital Investments Across The U.S

Barbara Biasi, Julien M. Lafortune and David Schönholzer

32039: A Scalable Approach to High-Impact Tutoring for Young Readers: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Kalena Cortes, Karen Kortecamp, Susanna Loeb and Carly Robinson

32038: Communicating Scientific Uncertainty via Approximate Posteriors

Isaiah Andrews and Jesse Shapiro

32037: Trade Barriers and Market Power: Evidence from Argentina's Discretionary Import Restrictions

David Atkin, Joaquin Blaum, Pablo D. Fajgelbaum and Augusto Ospital

32036: The Modern Wholesaler: Global Sourcing, Domestic Distribution, and Scale Economies

Sharat Ganapati

32035: Migration, Climate Similarity, and the Consequences of Climate Mismatch

Marguerite Obolensky, Marco Tabellini and Charles Taylor

32034: Fiscal Stimulus, Deposit Competition, and the Rise of Shadow Banking: Evidence from China

Viral Acharya, Jun Qian, Yang Su and Zhishu Yang

32033: Uncertainty and Individual Discretion in Allocating Research Funds

Anna Goldstein and Michael Kearney

32032: The Role of Friends in the Opioid Epidemic

Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Jeremy Greenwood, Nezih Guner and Karen Kopecky

32031: Intergenerational Mobility and Credit

J. Carter Braxton, Nisha Chikhale, Kyle F. Herkenhoff and Gordon Phillips

32030: Automation and Gender: Implications for Occupational Segregation and the Gender Skill Gap

Patricia Cortes, Ying Feng, Nicolás Guida-Johnson and Jessica Pan

32029: Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take-up of Naloxone

Mireille Jacobson and David Powell

32028: Trust and Health Care-Seeking Behavior

Michael Darden and Mario Macis

32027: Bankruptcy Exemption of Repo Markets: Too Much Today for Too Little Tomorrow?

Viral Acharya, V. Ravi Anshuman and S. Vish Viswanathan

32026: (Almost) 200 Years of News-Based Economic Sentiment

Jules van Binsbergen, Svetlana Bryzgalova, Mayukh Mukhopadhyay and Varun Sharma

32025: The Mismeasurement of Work Time: Implications for Wage Discrimination and Inequality

George Borjas and Daniel Hamermesh

32024: Outsourcing Policy and Worker Outcomes: Causal Evidence from a Mexican Ban

Alejandro Estefan, Roberto Gerhard, Joseph Kaboski, Illenin Kondo and Wei Qian

32023: Energy Hogs and Energy Angels: What Does Residential Electricity Usage Really Tell Us About Profligate Consumption?

Severin Borenstein

32022: Refinancing Frictions, Mortgage Pricing and Redistribution

David Berger, Konstantin Milbradt, Fabrice Tourre and Joseph Vavra

32021: Variation in State Response to Open Access: Constituent Characteristics

Gary Libecap

32020: Nonprofits and the Scope of Government: Theory and an Application to the Health Sector

Karen Eggleston

32019: EXIM’s Exit: The Real Effects of Trade Financing by Export Credit Agencies

Adrien Matray, Karsten Müller, Chenzi Xu and Poorya Kabir

32018: A Delegation Approach to Regulating Hiring Discrimination

Paolo Martellini and Guido Menzio

32017: Negative Weights are No Concern in Design-Based Specifications

Kirill Borusyak and Peter Hull

32016: The Rise of Factor Investing: "Passive" Security Design and Market Implications

Lin Cong, Shiyang Huang and Douglas Xu

32015: Disentangling Various Explanations for the Declining Labor Share: Evidence from Millions of Firm Records

Ann Harrison

32014: Patient Costs and Physicians' Information

Michael J. Dickstein, Jihye Jeon and Eduardo Morales

32013: Haste or Waste? The Role of Presale in Residential Housing

Ziyang Chen, Maggie Rong Hu, Ginger Zhe Jin and Qiyao Zhou

32012: Innovation Booms, Easy Financing, and Human Capital Accumulation

Johan Hombert and Adrien Matray

32011: Firms and Worker Health

Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham and Jonathan Smith

32010: Market Design for Surface Water

Billy A. Ferguson and Paul Milgrom

32009: Financial Integration and Monetary Policy Coordination

Javier Bianchi and Louphou Coulibaly

32008: What Drives the Exchange Rate?

Oleg Itskhoki and Dmitry Mukhin

32007: The Informational Centrality of Banks

Nathan Foley-Fisher, Gary Gorton and Stephane Verani

32006: Wellbeing, Expectations and Unemployment in Europe

David Blanchflower and Alex Bryson

32005: Migration Policy and the Supply of Foreign Physicians: Evidence from the Conrad 30 Waiver Program

Breno Braga, Gaurav Khanna and Sarah Turner

32004: Universal Portfolio Shrinkage

Bryan T. Kelly, Semyon Malamud, Mohammad Pourmohammadi and Fabio Trojani

32003: Valuing Technology Complementarities: Rooftop Solar and Energy Storage

Bryan Bollinger, Naim Darghouth, Kenneth Gillingham and Andres Gonzalez-Lira

32002: Organized Crime and Economic Growth: Evidence from Municipalities Infiltrated by the Mafia

Alessandra Fenizia and Raffaele Saggio

32001: Asset Demand of U.S. Households

Xavier Gabaix, Ralph Koijen, Federico Mainardi, Sangmin Oh and Motohiro Yogo

32000: An IV Hazard Model of Loan Default with an Application to Subprime Mortgage Cohorts

Christopher Palmer

31999: Population and Welfare: Measuring Growth when Life is Worth Living

Mohamad Adhami, Mark Bils, Charles Jones and Peter J. Klenow

31998: Customer Discrimination in the Workplace: Evidence from Online Sales

Erin M. Kelley, Gregory V. Lane, Matthew Pecenco and Edward Rubin

31997: Girls’ Night In? Effects of the Kenyan COVID-19 Lockdown on Web Browsing

Soledad Giardili, Sanjay Jain, Amalia Miller, Kamalini Ramdas and Alp Sungu

31996: Lifetime Memories of Inflation: Evidence from Surveys and the Lab

Isabelle Salle, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Olivier Coibion

31995: The 2010 Census Confidentiality Protections Failed, Here's How and Why

John Abowd, Tamara Adams, Robert Ashmead, David Darais, Sourya Dey, Simson L. Garfinkel, Nathan Goldschlag, Daniel Kifer, Philip Leclerc, Ethan Lew, Scott Moore, Rolando A. Rodríguez, Ramy N. Tadros and Lars Vilhuber

31994: School Management Takeover, Leadership Change, and Personnel Policy

Emma Duchini, Victor Lavy, Stephen Machin and Shqiponja Telhaj

31993: Long-run Impacts of Forced Labor Migration on Fertility Behaviors: Evidence from Colonial West Africa

Pascaline Dupas, Camille Falezan, Marie Christelle Mabeu and Pauline Rossi

31992: The Intergenerational Health Effects of Forced Displacement: Japanese American Incarceration during WWII

Daniel S. Grossman, Umair Khalil and Laura Panza

31991: How Rules and Compliance Impact Organizational Outcomes: Evidence from Delegation in Environmental Regulation

James Fenske, Muhammad Haseeb and Namrata Kala

31990: Do Cities Mitigate or Exacerbate Environmental Damages to Health?

David Molitor and Corey White

31989: The Role of Intermediaries in Selection Markets: Evidence form Mortgage Lending

Jason Allen, Robert Clark, Jean-François Houde, Shaoteng Li and Anna V. Trubnikova

31988: Labor Market Tightness and Union Activity

Chantal Pezold, Simon Jäger and Patrick Nüß

31987: Market Design for the Environment

Estelle Cantillon and Aurélie Slechten

31986: Fund Flows and Income Risk of Fund Managers

Xiao Cen, Winston Dou, Leonid Kogan and Wei Wu

31985: Professional Motivations in the Public Sector: Evidence from Police Officers

Aaron Chalfin and Felipe M. Gonçalves

31984: Online Job Posts Contain Very Little Wage Information

Honey Batra, Amanda Michaud and Simon Mongey

31983: The Direct and Intergenerational Effects of Criminal History-Based Safety Net Bans in the U.S

Michael G. Mueller-Smith, James M. Reeves, Kevin Schnepel and Caroline Walker

31982: Dealing with Imperfect Randomization: Inference for the HighScope Perry Preschool Program

James Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto and Azeem Shaikh

31981: Infrastructure Inequality: Who Pays the Cost of Road Roughness?

Lindsey Currier, Edward Glaeser and Gabriel E. Kreindler

31980: Creating the “American Way” of Business: Evidence from WWII in the U.S

Michela Giorcelli

31979: The Effects of Reforms on Retirement Behavior: Introduction and Summary

Axel H. Börsch-Supan and Courtney Coile

31978: Firm Accommodation After Disability: Labor Market Impacts and Implications for Social Insurance

Naoki Aizawa, Corina Mommaerts and Stephanie Rennane

31977: The Psychology of Poverty: Where Do We Stand?

Johannes Haushofer and Daniel Salicath

31976: Improving Regulation for Innovation: Evidence from China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Ruixue Jia, Xiao Ma, Jianan Yang and Yiran Zhang

31975: Indexing and the Incorporation of Exogenous Information Shocks to Stock Prices

Randall Morck and M. Deniz Yavuz

31974: Whose Preferences Matter for Redistribution: Cross-country Evidence

Michel Maréchal, Alain Cohn, Jeffrey Yusof and Raymond Fisman

31973: Civil Rights Protests and Election Outcomes: Exploring the Effects of the Poor People's Campaign

D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Charles, Krzysztof Karbownik, Daniel Rees and Camila Steffens

31972: Monopsony Amplifies Distortions from Progressive Taxes

David Berger, Kyle F. Herkenhoff, Simon Mongey and Negin Mousavi

31971: Accessing the Safety Net: How Medicaid Affects Health and Recidivism

Analisa Packham and David Slusky

31970: Monetary Tightening, Commercial Real Estate Distress, and US Bank Fragility

Erica Xuewei Jiang, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski and Amit Seru

31969: Inflation, War Bonds, and the Rise of Republicans in the 1950s

Gillian Brunet, Eric Hilt and Matthew Jaremski

31968: Time-Varying Risk Premia and Heterogeneous Labor Market Dynamics

Maarten Meeuwis, Dimitris Papanikolaou, Jonathan Rothbaum and Lawrence Schmidt

31967: Do Firms Mitigate Climate Impact on Employment? Evidence from US Heat Shocks

Viral Acharya, Abhishek Bhardwaj and Tuomas Tomunen

31966: Does Political Partisanship Affect Housing Supply? Evidence from US Cities

Fernando Ferreira and Joseph Gyourko

31965: Dynamic Monopsony with Large Firms and Noncompetes

Axel Gottfries and Gregor Jarosch

31964: Experiments about Institutions

Michael Callen, Jonathan L. Weigel and Noam Yuchtman

31963: Rethinking the Informal Economy and the Hugo Effect

Francesco Pappadà and Kenneth Rogoff