NBER Working Papers

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33311: Babies and the Macroeconomy

Claudia Goldin

33310: Employee Ownership, Employment, and Work-from-Home in the Covid-19 Shock to the US Job Market

Huanan Xu, Joseph R. Blasi, Douglas Kruse and Richard Freeman

33309: A Theory of Economic Coercion and Fragmentation

Christopher Clayton, Matteo Maggiori and Jesse Schreger

33308: Interest Rate Risk in Banking

Peter DeMarzo, Arvind Krishnamurthy and Stefan Nagel

33307: Distributional Impacts of the Changing Retail Landscape

Yue Cao, Judith Chevalier, Jessie Handbury, Hayden Parsley and Kevin Williams

33306: Aggregate Debt Servicing and the Limit on Private Credit

Mathias Drehmann, John Juselius and Sarah Quincy

33305: Empowered by Adversity: Economic Shocks and Noncognitive Skill Development in Ethiopian Youth

Leonard Wantchekon and Sally Zhang

33304: Equilibrium Conditions for Catch-22 Situations

Joshua Gans

33303: Child Disability and Effects on Sibling Mental Health

Janet Currie, N. Meltem Daysal, Mette Gørtz and Jonas Cuzulan Hirani

33302: The Dynamic Fiscal Costs of Outsourcing Health Insurance - Evidence from Medicaid

Timothy Layton and Eran Politzer

33301: Consumer Preferences for Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products in Japan: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment

Donald Kenkel, Alan Mathios, Grace N. Phillips, Revathy Suryanarayana, Hua Wang and Sen Zeng

33300: The Ethics of Pollution Pricing

Garth Heutel and J. Paul Kelleher

33299: Highway Procurement During the Great Recession and Stimulus

Dakshina De Silva and Benjamin Rosa

33298: Risk Loving and Fat Tails in the Wealth Distribution

Aloisio Araujo, Juan Pablo Gama and Timothy Kehoe

33297: From Competitors to Partners: Banks’ Venture Investments in Fintech

Manju Puri, Yiming Qian and Xiang Zheng

33296: Instrumental Variables with Time-Varying Exposure: New Estimates of Revascularization Effects on Quality of Life

Joshua Angrist, Bruno Ferman, Carol Gao, Peter Hull, Otavio L. Tecchio and Robert W. Yeh

33295: Between Government and Market: The Political Economics of Labor Unions

Ethan Kaplan and Suresh Naidu

33294: Does Q&A Boost Engagement? Health Messaging Experiments in the U.S. and Ghana

Erika Kirgios, Susan Athey, Angela L. Duckworth, Dean Karlan, Michael Luca, Katherine Milkman and Molly Offer-Westort

33293: Geopolitics and the World Trading System

Aaditya Mattoo, Michele Ruta and Robert Staiger

33292: Phoning Home: The Procurement of Telecommunications for Incarcerated Individuals in the United States

Marleen R. Marra, Nathan H. Miller and Gretchen Sileo

33291: Ambiguity and the Language of Long Run Risk

Antony Millner

33290: On the Definition and Estimation of Economic Resilience using Counterfactuals

Mo Alloush and Michael Carter

33289: Climbing the Ivory Tower: How Socio-Economic Background Shapes Academia

Ran Abramitzky, Lena Greska, Santiago Perez, Joseph Price, Carlo Schwarz and Fabian Waldinger

33288: Unified Growth Theory: Roots of Growth and Inequality in the Wealth of Nations

Oded Galor

33287: Spatial Linkages and the Uneven Effects of a Commodity Boom

Felipe Benguria, Felipe Saffie and Shihangyin Zhang

33286: From Flat to Fair? The Effects of a Progressive Tax Reform

Nicolas Ajzenman, Guillermo Cruces, Ricardo Perez-Truglia, Dario Tortarolo and Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare

33285: Diffusion in Social Networks: Experimental Evidence on Information Sharing vs Persuasion

Marcel Fafchamps, Asad Islam, Debayan Pakrashi and Denni Tommasi

33284: Winners and Losers from the Work-from-Home Technology Boon

Morris Davis, Andra Ghent and Jesse M. Gregory

33283: Firm Financing During Sudden Stops: Can Governments Substitute Markets?

Miguel Acosta-Henao, Andrés Fernández Martin, Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez and Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

33282: Can Gifted Education Help Higher-Ability Boys from Disadvantaged Backgrounds?

David Card, Eric Chyn and Laura Giuliano

33281: Dissertation Paths: Advisors and Students in the Economics Research Production Function

Joshua Angrist and Marc Diederichs

33280: The Mental Health of the Young in Africa

David Blanchflower and Alex Bryson

33279: The Benefits and Costs of Paid Family Leave

Buyi Wang, Meredith Slopen, Irwin Garfinkel, Elizabeth Ananat, Sophie M. Collyer, Robert Hartley, Anastasia Koutavas and Christopher Wimer

33278: Non-Profit Hospital Governance, Conduct, and CEO Pay

Daniel Kessler and William Wygal

33277: The Claiming of Children on U.S. Tax Returns

Geoffrey Gee, Jacob Goldin, Joseph Gray-Hancuch, Ithai Lurie and Vedant Vohra

33276: The Relationship between Officer Misconduct and Conviction-less Arrests

Bocar A. Ba, Nayoung Rim and Roman Rivera

33275: Transition Risk: Sources and Policy Responses

Stefano Carattini, Garth Heutel, Givi Melkadze and Inès Mourelon

33274: Ideological Bias in Estimates of the Impact of Immigration

George Borjas and Nate Breznau

33273: Deterrence Through Response Curves: An Empirical Analysis of the Gaza-Israel Conflict

Eli Berman, Prabin B. Khadka, Danny Klinenberg and Esteban Klor

33272: Lessons Learned and Ignored in U.S. Place-Based Policymaking

Matthew Freedman and David Neumark

33271: Access to Digital Credit for Smallholder Farmers: Experimental Evidence from Ghana

Dean Karlan, Monica P. Lambon-Quayefio, Utsav Manjeer and Christopher Udry

33270: Optimal Income Tax Deductions for Mixed Business and Personal Expenditures

Jacob Goldin, Sebastian Koehne and Nicholas Lawson

33269: College Major Restrictions and Student Stratification

Zachary Bleemer and Aashish Mehta

33268: Embedded Culture as a Source of Comparative Advantage

Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza and Luigi Zingales

33267: Collective Bargaining, Unions, and the Wage Structure: An International Perspective

Simon Jäger, Suresh Naidu and Benjamin Schoefer

33266: Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?

Francine Blau

33265: Handling Endogenous Marketing Mix Regressors in Correlated Heterogeneous Panels with Copula Augmented Mean Group Estimation

Liying Yang, Yi Qian and Hui Xie

33264: Adaptation to Climate Change

Tamma Carleton, Esther Duflo, B. Kelsey Jack and Guglielmo Zappalà

33263: Federal Reserve Structure, Economic Ideas, and Banking Policy During the “Quiet Period” in Banking

Michael Bordo and Edward S. Prescott

33262: Rules vs. Discretion: Decoding FOMC Policy Deliberations

Michael Bordo, Klodiana Istrefi and Humberto Martínez

33261: Beliefs of Others: an Experiment

Marina Agranov and Polina Detkova

33260: Cracks in the Glass Ceiling and Gender Equality: Do Exports Shatter the Glass Ceiling?

Bruno César Araújo, Lourenco Paz and James E. West

33259: Open Banking and Digital Payments: Implications for Credit Access

Shashwat Alok, Pulak Ghosh, Nirupama Kulkarni and Manju Puri

33258: Knowledge Suppression and Resilience under Censorship: Three-century Book Publications in China

Ying Bai, Ruixue Jia and Jiaojiao Yang

33257: Conditions Under Which College Students Can be Responsive to Text-based Nudging

Lindsay C. Page, Katharine E. Meyer, Jeonghyun Lee and Hunter Gehlbach

33256: Financial Inclusion Across the United States

Motohiro Yogo, Andrew Whitten and Natalie Cox

33255: Political Power and Market Power

Bo Cowgill, Andrea Prat and Tommaso Valletti

33254: Financing, Ownership, and Performance: A Novel, Longitudinal Firm-Level Database

J. David Brown, Steven Davis, Lucia Foster, John Haltiwanger and John Sabelhaus

33253: Efficient Imperfect Competition with an Application to International Trade

Guido Menzio

33252: Sustainable Investing

Lubos Pastor, Robert Stambaugh and Lucian A. Taylor

33251: When Democracy Refuses to Die: Evaluating a Training Program for New Politicians

Ernesto Dal Bó, Claudio Ferraz, Frederico Finan and Pedro Pessoa

33250: Suez

David Jacks, Christopher Meissner and Nikolaus Wolf

33249: Unhooking the Past: Early-life Exposure to Hookworm Eradication and Later-life Longevity

Hamid Noghanibehambari and Jason Fletcher

33248: The Long-run Effects of Transportation Productivity on the US Economy

A. Kerem Coşar, Sophie Osotimehin and Latchezar Popov

33247: The Complementarity Between Cities and State Capacity

Edward Glaeser

33246: War Mobilization and Economic Development: World War II and Structural Transformation in India

Aneesha Parvathaneni and Dean Yang

33245: Conflict in Dismissals

Pauline Carry and Benjamin Schoefer

33244: The Effect of Medicaid on Crime: Evidence from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment

Amy Finkelstein, Sarah Miller and Katherine Baicker

33243: Granular Treasury Demand with Arbitrageurs

Kristy A.E. Jansen, Wenhao Li and Lukas Schmid

33242: When Given Discretion Teachers Did Not Shirk: Evidence from Remedial Education in Secondary Schools

Sabrin Beg, Anne E. Fitzpatrick, Jason Kerwin, Adrienne Lucas and Khandker Wahedur Rahman

33241: LASH risk and Interest Rates

Laura Alfaro, Saleem Bahaj, Robert Czech, Jonathon Hazell and Ioana Neamtu

33240: Beyond Bruen: Can Firearm Training Replace Local Discretion in Concealed Carry Permitting?

John Donohue, Matthew Benavides, Amy L. Zhang and Alex Oktay

33239: Toward an Understanding of the Political Economy of Using Field Experiments in Policymaking

Guglielmo Briscese and John List

33238: Assessing Assessors

Huaizhi Chen and Lauren Cohen

33237: Hustling From Home? Work From Home Flexibility and Entrepreneurial Entry

John Barrios, Yael Hochberg and Hanyi (Livia) Yi

33236: A Practical Guide to Shift-Share Instruments

Kirill Borusyak, Peter Hull and Xavier Jaravel

33235: The Effects of Gender Integration on Men: Evidence from the U.S. Military

Kyle Greenberg, Melanie Wasserman and Anna Weber

33234: How Curvy is the Phillips Curve?

Philip Bunn, Lena Anayi, Nicholas Bloom, Paul Mizen, Gregory Thwaites and Ivan Yotzov

33233: A Theory of How Workers Keep Up With Inflation

Hassan Afrouzi, Andrés Blanco, Andrés Drenik and Erik Hurst

33232: Halloween, ADHD, and Subjectivity in Medical Diagnosis

Christopher Worsham, Charles Bray and Anupam Jena

33231: Are Some Angels Better than Others?

Johan Karlsen, Katja Kisseleva, Aksel Mjøs and David Robinson

33230: You Can Take Them With You: Recruiting Coworkers to One's Own New Firm

Marc-Andreas Muendler, James Rauch and Sérgio Koyama

33229: Why Aren't There More Minority Entrepreneurs?

Victor M. Bennett and David Robinson

33228: A Market Interpretation of Treatment Effects

Robert Minton and Casey Mulligan

33227: Minimum Viable Signal: Venture Funding, Social Movements, and Race

Matt Marx, Qian Wang and Emmanuel Yimfor

33226: Investor Memory and Biased Beliefs: Evidence from the Field

Zhengyang Jiang, Hongqi Liu, Cameron Peng and Hongjun Yan

33225: Valuing Policy Characteristics and New Products using a Simple Linear Program

Spencer Banzhaf

33224: Business Applications as a Leading Economic Indicator?

Jose Asturias, Emin Dinlersoz, John Haltiwanger, Rebecca J. Hutchinson and Alyson Plumb

33223: Gender Composition and Group Behavior: Evidence from US City Councils

Emilia Brito Rebolledo, Jesse Bruhn, Thea How Choon and Anna Weber

33222: Is Swedish Household Debt Too High? Solvency, Liquidity, and Debt-Financed Overconsumption

Lars Svensson

33221: Search Costs, Intermediation, and Trade: Experimental Evidence from Ugandan Agricultural Markets

Lauren F. Bergquist, Craig McIntosh and Meredith Startz

33220: Tearing the Paper Ceiling: The Impact of State Commitments to Remove Degree Requirements on Public Awareness and Job Opportunities for STARs

Justin Heck, Blair Corcoran de Castillo, Peter Q. Blair and Papia Debroy

33219: Careers and Wages in Family Firms: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data

Edoardo Di Porto, Marco Pagano, Vincenzo Pezone, Raffaele Saggio and Fabiano Schivardi

33218: Growth and Fluctuations: An Overview

Joseph Stiglitz

33217: Painful Bargaining: Evidence from Anesthesia Rollups

Aslihan Asil, Paulo Ramos, Amanda Starc and Thomas G. Wollmann

33216: Predicting College Closures and Financial Distress

Robert J. Kelchen, Dubravka Ritter and Douglas Webber

33215: Dispersed Information, Nominal Rigidities and Monetary Business Cycles: A Hayekian Perspective

Christian Hellwig and Venky Venkateswaran

33214: The Causal Effects of Income on Political Attitudes and Behavior: A Randomized Field Experiment

David E. Broockman, Elizabeth Rhodes, Alexander Bartik, Karina Dotson, Sarah Miller, Patrick K. Krause and Eva Vivalt

33213: Subsidizing Medical Spending through the Tax Code: Take-Up, Targeting and the Cost of Claiming

Gopi Goda

33212: The Political Economy of School Finance Systems with Endogenous State and Local Tax Policies

Stephen Calabrese, Dennis Epple and Richard Romano