NBER Working Papers

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27562: Unintended Consequences of Lockdowns: COVID-19 and the Shadow Pandemic

Saravana Ravindran and Manisha Shah

27561: A Brief Introduction to Human Capital Measures

Gang Liu and Barbara M. Fraumeni

27560: Measuring Movement and Social Contact with Smartphone Data: A Real-Time Application to COVID-19

Victor Couture, Jonathan Dingel, Allison E. Green, Jessie Handbury and Kevin Williams

27559: Financial Fragility in the COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Investment Funds in Corporate Bond Markets

Antonio Falato, Itay Goldstein and Ali Hortacsu

27558: China’s Foreign Trade and Investment, 1800-1950

Wolfgang Keller and Carol H. Shiue

27557: A Graphical Lasso Approach to Estimating Network Connections: The Case of U.S. Lawmakers

Marco Battaglini, Forrest W. Crawford, Eleonora Patacchini and Sida Peng

27556: Bounds on a Slope from Size Restrictions on Economic Shocks

Marco Stenborg Petterson, David Seim and Jesse Shapiro

27555: Inequality in Household Adaptation to Schooling Shocks: Covid-Induced Online Learning Engagement in Real Time

Andrew Bacher-Hicks, Joshua Goodman and Christine Mulhern

27554: Should the Randomistas (Continue to) Rule?

Martin Ravallion

27553: An Ounce of Prevention

Joseph Newhouse

27552: Wealth, Race, and Consumption Smoothing of Typical Income Shocks

Peter Ganong, Damon Jones, Pascal J. Noel, Fiona E. Greig, Diana Farrell and Chris Wheat

27551: Mutual Fund Performance and Flows During the COVID-19 Crisis

Lubos Pastor and M. Blair Vorsatz

27550: Federal Aid to School Districts During the COVID-19 Recession

Nora Gordon and Sarah J. Reber

27549: Inequality and the Coronavirus: Socioeconomic Covariates of Behavioral Responses and Viral Outcomes Across US Counties

Caitlin Brown and Martin Ravallion

27548: Hard and Soft Skills in Vocational Training: Experimental Evidence from Colombia

Felipe Barrera-Osorio, Adriana Kugler and Mikko I. Silliman

27547: Bank Complexity, Governance, and Risk

Ricardo Correa and Linda Goldberg

27546: Policy Evaluation with Multiple Instrumental Variables

Magne Mogstad, Alexander Torgovitsky and Christopher Walters

27545: Heterogeneous Effects of State Enterprise Zone Programs in the Shorter Run and Longer Run

David Neumark and Timothy Young

27544: The Opioid Epidemic Was Not Caused by Economic Distress But by Factors that Could be More Rapidly Addressed

Janet Currie and Hannes Schwandt

27543: Teacher-to-Classroom Assignment and Student Achievement

Bryan Graham, Geert Ridder, Petra Thiemann and Gema Zamarro

27542: How Hurricanes Sweep Up Housing Markets: Evidence from Florida

Joshua Graff Zivin, Yanjun Liao and Yann Panassie

27541: Financing Outdoor Recreation

Spencer Banzhaf and V. Smith

27540: Strategic Interactions in U.S. Monetary and Fiscal Policies

Xiaoshan Chen, Eric Leeper and Campbell Leith

27539: The Impact of State Tobacco Control Spending on High School Student Vaping

John Tauras, Megan C. Diaz, Barbara Schillo and Donna Vallone

27538: How Do Restrictions on High-Skilled Immigration Affect Offshoring? Evidence from the H-1B Program

Britta Glennon

27537: Kicking the Can Down the Road: Government Interventions in the European Banking Sector

Viral Acharya, Lea Borchert, Maximilian Jager and Sascha Steffen

27536: Dynamic Oligopoly and Price Stickiness

Olivier Wang and Iván Werning

27535: Non est Disputandum de Generalizability? A Glimpse into The External Validity Trial

John List

27534: Relabeling, Retirement and Regret

Jonathan Gruber, Ohto Kanninen and Terhi Ravaska

27533: Concentration Screens for Horizontal Mergers

Volker Nocke and Michael Whinston

27532: Adaptive Control of COVID-19 Outbreaks in India: Local, Gradual, and Trigger-based Exit Paths from Lockdown

Anup Malani, Satej Soman, Sam Asher, Paul Novosad, Clément Imbert, Vaidehi Tandel, Anish Agarwal, Abdullah Alomar, Arnab Sarker, Devavrat Shah, Dennis Shen, Jonathan Gruber, Stuti Sachdeva, David Kaiser and Luis M.A. Bettencourt

27531: Private Precaution and Public Restrictions: What Drives Social Distancing and Industry Foot Traffic in the COVID-19 Era?

Christopher Cronin and William Evans

27530: The Impact of the WWI Agricultural Boom and Bust on Female Opportunity Cost and Fertility

Carl Kitchens and Luke P. Rodgers

27529: The Real Effects of Modern Information Technologies: Evidence from the EDGAR Implementation

Itay Goldstein, Shijie Yang and Luo Zuo

27528: Identification and Estimation of Undetected COVID-19 Cases Using Testing Data from Iceland

Karl M. Aspelund, Michael C. Droste, James Stock and Christopher D. Walker

27527: A Theory of Social Impact Bonds

Daniel Tortorice, David Bloom, Paige Kirby and John Regan

27526: Why Does Globalization Fuel Populism? Economics, Culture, and the Rise of Right-wing Populism

Dani Rodrik

27525: Measuring Employer-to-Employer Reallocation

Shigeru Fujita, Giuseppe Moscarini and Fabien Postel-Vinay

27524: High School Majors, Comparative (Dis)Advantage, and Future Earnings

Gordon Dahl, Dan-Olof Rooth and Anders Stenberg

27523: The Incentive Effects of Cash Transfers to the Poor

Anna Aizer, Shari Eli and Adriana Lleras-Muney

27522: Risk Aversion, Offsetting Community Effects, and COVID-19: Evidence from an Indoor Political Rally

Dhaval Dave, Andrew Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Drew McNichols, Connor Redpath and Joseph J. Sabia

27521: Fiscal and Monetary Stabilization Policy at the Zero Lower Bound: Consequences of Limited Foresight

Michael Woodford and Yinxi Xie

27520: Competitive Effects of Federal and State Opioid Restrictions: Evidence from the Controlled Substance Laws

Sumedha Gupta, Thuy D. Nguyen, Patricia R. Freeman and Kosali Simon

27519: How Much does COVID-19 Increase with Mobility? Evidence from New York and Four Other U.S. Cities

Edward Glaeser, Caitlin Gorback and Stephen Redding

27518: Social Security Reforms and the Changing Retirement Behavior in Germany

Axel H. Börsch-Supan, Johannes Rausch and Nicolas Goll

27517: The Sensitivity of Cash Savings to the Cost of Capital

Viral Acharya, Soku Byoun and Zhaoxia Xu

27516: The Lost Generation? Labor Market Outcomes for Post Great Recession Entrants

Jesse Rothstein

27515: Testing the Theory of Common Stock Ownership

Lysle Boller and Fiona Scott Morton

27514: The Association Between Educational Attainment and Longevity using Individual Level Data from the 1940 Census

Adriana Lleras-Muney, Joseph Price and Dahai Yue

27513: Advancing the Agency of Adolescent Girls

Eric Edmonds, Benjamin Feigenberg and Jessica Leight

27512: Has Mortality Risen Disproportionately for the Least Educated?

Adam Leive and Christopher Ruhm

27511: Moral Universalism and the Structure of Ideology

Benjamin Enke, Ricardo Rodríguez-Padilla and Florian Zimmermann

27510: Using Equity Market Reactions to Infer Exposure to Trade Liberalization

Andrew Greenland, Mihai Ion, John Lopresti and Peter Schott

27509: Linking Changes in Inequality in Life Expectancy and Mortality: Evidence from Denmark and the United States

Gordon Dahl, Claus Kreiner, Torben Nielsen and Benjamin Ly Serena

27508: Does the Actuarial Adjustment for Pension Delay Affect Retirement and Claiming Decisions?

Devon Gorry, Kyung Min Lee and Sita Slavov

27507: E-Cigarettes and Respiratory Disease: A Replication, Extension, and Future Directions

Donald Kenkel, Alan Mathios and Hua Wang

27506: International Migration Responses to Modern Europe’s Most Destructive Earthquake: Messina and Reggio Calabria, 1908

Yannay Spitzer, Gaspare Tortorici and Ariell Zimran

27505: Natural Disasters and Elective Medical Services: How Big is the Bounce-Back?

Tatyana Deryugina, Jonathan Gruber and Adrienne Sabety

27504: Voting and Political Participation in the Aftermath of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic

Hani Mansour, Daniel Rees and James M. Reeves

27503: Technology Adoption and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Industrialization in France

Réka Juhász, Mara Squicciarini and Nico Voigtländer

27502: Can Technology Solve the Principal-Agent Problem? Evidence from ChinaÂ’s War on Air Pollution

Michael Greenstone, Guojun He, Ruixue Jia and Tong Liu

27501: Going Bankrupt in China

Bo Li and Jacopo Ponticelli

27500: Sovereign Credit and Exchange Rate Risks: Evidence from Asia-Pacific Local Currency Bonds

Mikhail Chernov, Drew Creal and Peter Hördahl

27499: The Role of Government and Private Institutions in Credit Cycles in the U.S. Mortgage Market

Manuel Adelino, William B. McCartney and Antoinette Schoar

27498: Electoral Concerns Reduce Restrictive Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Massimo Pulejo and Pablo Querubin

27497: What Do Voters Learn from Foreign News? Emulation, Backlash, and Public Support for Trade Agreements

Chun-Fang Chiang, Jason M. Kuo, Megumi Naoi and Jin-Tan Liu

27496: Messages on COVID-19 Prevention in India Increased Symptoms Reporting and Adherence to Preventive Behaviors Among 25 Million Recipients with Similar Effects on Non-recipient Members of Their Communities

Abhijit Banerjee, Marcella Alsan, Emily Breza, Arun Chandrasekhar, Abhijit Chowdhury, Esther Duflo, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham and Benjamin Olken

27495: Business in a Time of Spanish Influenza

Howard Bodenhorn

27494: Older People are Less Pessimistic about the Health Risks of Covid-19

Pedro Bordalo, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer

27493: Competition Laws, Norms and Corporate Social Responsibility

Wenzhi Ding, Ross Levine, Chen Lin and Wensi Xie

27492: Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn

Josh Lerner and Ramana Nanda

27491: U.S. Banks and Global Liquidity

Ricardo Correa, Wenxin Du and Gordon Liao

27490: Variation in Health Care Prices Across Public and Private Payers

Toren L. Fronsdal, Jay Bhattacharya and Suzanne Tamang

27489: Choosing Technology: An Entrepreneurial Strategy Approach

Joshua Gans, Michael Kearney, Erin L. Scott and Scott Stern

27488: The Macroeconomic Impact of Europe’s Carbon Taxes

Gilbert Metcalf and James Stock

27487: The Effect of Managers on Systematic Risk

Antoinette Schoar, Kelvin Yeung and Luo Zuo

27486: MPCs, MPEs and Multipliers: A Trilemma for New Keynesian Models

Adrien Auclert, Bence Bardóczy and Matthew Rognlie

27485: Can Payroll Tax Cuts Help Firms During Recessions?

Youssef Benzarti and Jarkko Harju

27484: Culture and Student Achievement: The Intertwined Roles of Patience and Risk-Taking

Eric Hanushek, Lavinia Kinne, Philipp Lergetporer and Ludger Woessmann

27483: Testing, Voluntary Social Distancing and the Spread of an Infection

Daron Acemoglu, Ali Makhdoumi, Azarakhsh Malekian and Asuman Ozdaglar

27482: Real-Time Real Economic Activity: Exiting the Great Recession and Entering the Pandemic Recession

Francis Diebold

27481: Credit Booms, Financial Crises and Macroprudential Policy

Mark Gertler, Nobuhiro Kiyotaki and Andrea Prestipino

27480: How the Other Half Died: Immigration and Mortality in US Cities

Philipp Ager, James Feigenbaum, Casper Hansen and Hui Ren Tan

27479: Property Rights without Transfer Rights: A Study of Indian Land Allotment

Christian Dippel, Dustin Frye and Bryan Leonard

27478: Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled

Naoki Aizawa, Soojin Kim and Serena Rhee

27477: The Microeconomics of Cryptocurrencies

Hanna Halaburda, Guillaume Haeringer, Joshua Gans and Neil Gandal

27476: The Impressive Effects of Tutoring on PreK-12 Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental Evidence

Andre Nickow, Philip Oreopoulos and Vincent Quan

27475: Competition and Quality: Evidence from High-Speed Railways and Airlines

Hanming Fang, Long Wang and Yang Yang

27474: Trade, Unemployment, and Monetary Policy

Matteo Cacciatore and Fabio Ghironi

27473: Rationing the Commons

Nicholas Ryan and Anant Sudarshan

27472: Rational Sentiments and Economic Cycles

Maryam Farboodi and Péter Kondor

27471: The Hidden Costs of Strategic Opacity

Ana Babus and Maryam Farboodi

27470: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act: Which Firms Won? Which Lost?

Alexander Wagner, Richard Zeckhauser and Alexandre Ziegler

27469: Home Prices, Fertility, and Early-Life Health Outcomes

N. Meltem Daysal, Michael Lovenheim, Nikolaj Siersbæk and David Wasser

27468: Class Rank and Long-Run Outcomes

Jeffrey Denning, Richard Murphy and Felix Weinhardt

27467: Fixing Misallocation with Guidelines: Awareness vs. Adherence

Jason Abaluck, Leila Agha, David C. Chan, Daniel Singer and Diana Zhu

27466: Technology Diffusion

Nancy Stokey

27465: Understanding 100 Years of the Evolution of Top Wealth Shares in the U.S.: What is the Role of Family Firms?

Andrew Atkeson and Magnus Irie

27464: Optimal Monetary Policy in Production Networks

Jennifer La'O and Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi

27463: The Franchise, Policing, and Race: Evidence from Arrests Data and the Voting Rights Act

Giovanni Facchini, Brian Knight and Cecilia Testa