NBER Working Papers

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12209: Buy, Lobby or Sue: Interest Groups' Participation in Policy Making - A Selective Survey

Pablo Spiller and Sanny Liao

12208: The Effects of State Medicaid Policies on the Dynamic Savings Patterns of the Elderly

Lara Gardner and Donna Gilleskie

12207: The Academic Achievement Gap in Grades 3 to 8

Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor

12206: Technology, Information and the Decentralization of the Firm

Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, Claire Lelarge, John van Reenen and Fabrizio Zilibotti

12205: Redistribution by Insurance Market Regulation: Analyzing a Ban on Gender-Based Retirement Annuities

Amy Finkelstein, James Poterba and Casey Rothschild

12204: Intergenerational Risksharing and Equilibrium Asset Prices

John Campbell and Yves Nosbusch

12203: Is IPO Underperformance a Peso Problem?

Andrew Ang, Li Gu and Yael V. Hochberg

12202: Pay, Reference Points, and Police Performance

Alexandre Mas

12201: The Effect of Taxes on Efficiency and Growth

Martin Feldstein

12200: Interpreting Prediction Market Prices as Probabilities

Justin Wolfers and Eric Zitzewitz

12199: Do High School Exit Exams Influence Educational Attainment or Labor Market Performance?

Thomas Dee and Brian A. Jacob

12198: Stabilization of Effective Exchange Rates Under Common Currency Basket Systems

Eiji Ogawa and Junko Shimizu

12197: The Effects of Health on Health Insurance Status in Fragile Families

Hope Corman, Anne Carroll, Kelly Noonan and Nancy E. Reichman

12196: Organizing Offshoring: Middle Managers and Communication Costs

Pol Antras, Luis Garicano and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg

12195: The Private Value of Software Patents

Bronwyn Hall and Megan MacGarvie

12194: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment

Richard Clarida

12193: Are There Thresholds of Current Account Adjustment in the G7?

Richard Clarida, Manuela Goretti and Mark Taylor

12192: Trade Liberalization with Heterogenous Firms

Richard Baldwin and Rikard Forslid

12191: Size Really Doesn't Matter: In Search of a National Scale Effect

Andrew K. Rose

12190: Pork Barrel Cycles

Allan Drazen and Marcela Eslava

12189: One World Money, Then and Now

Michael Bordo and Harold James

12188: What Determines Bilateral Trade Flows?

Marianne Baxter and Michael Kouparitsas

12187: Debt Relief

Serkan Arslanalp and Peter Henry

12186: Firm-Specific Information and the Efficiency of Investment

Anusha Chari and Peter Henry

12185: Analyzing Artistic Innovation: The Greatest Breakthroughs of the Twentieth Century

David Galenson

12184: Intensive Medical Care and Cardiovascular Disease Disability Reductions

David Cutler, Mary Beth Landrum and Kate A. Stewart

12183: The Expected Value Premium

Long Chen, Ralitsa Petkova and Lu Zhang

12182: The Diffusion of the Internet and the Geography of the Digital Divide in the United States

Shane Greenstein and Jeffrey Prince

12181: AIDS, "Reversal" of the Demographic Transition and Economic Development: Evidence from Africa

Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

12180: Peer Effects in European Primary Schools: Evidence from PIRLS

Andreas Ammermueller and Jorn-Steffen Pischke

12179: Public Preschool and Maternal Labor Supply: Evidence from the Introduction of Kindergartens into American Public Schools

Elizabeth Cascio

12178: The Post MFA Performance of Developing Asia

John Whalley

12177: Scarcity Rents in Car Retailing: Evidence from Inventory Fluctuations at Dealerships

Florian Zettelmeyer, Fiona Scott Morton and Jorge Silva-Risso

12176: Comprehensive versus Selective Schooling in England in Wales: What Do We Know?

Jorn-Steffen Pischke and Alan Manning

12175: Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic Change

Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini

12174: Belief Flipping in a Dynamic Model of Statistical Discrimination

Roland Fryer

12173: The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports

Peter Schott

12172: Movement of Star Scientists and Engineers and High-Tech Firm Entry

Lynne Zucker and Michael Darby

12171: Does Child Abuse Cause Crime?

Janet Currie and Erdal Tekin

12170: Inadequacy of Nation-Based and VaR-Based Safety Nets in the European Union

Edward Kane

12169: The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting

Stefano DellaVigna and Ethan Kaplan

12168: The 2006 Economic Report of the President: Comment on Chapter One (The Year in Review) and Chapter Six (The Capital Account Surplus)

Martin Feldstein

12167: The Flow Approach to Labor Markets: New Data Sources and Micro-Macro Links

Steven Davis, Jason Faberman and John Haltiwanger

12166: Identification of Search Models with Initial Condition Problems

Gadi Barlevy and H.N. Nagaraja

12165: Execution Risk

Robert Engle and Robert Ferstenberg

12164: Putting the Lid on Lobbying: Tariff Structure and Long-Term Growth when Protection is for Sale

Nathan Nunn and Daniel Trefler

12163: The Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Inflation Targeting Revisited

Sebastian Edwards

12162: Tariff Incidence in America's Gilded Age

Douglas Irwin

12161: Antebellum Tariff Politics: Coalition Formation and Shifting Regional Interests

Douglas Irwin

12160: The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows

Douglas Irwin

12159: The Short- and Long-Term Career Effects of Graduating in a Recession: Hysteresis and Heterogeneity in the Market for College Graduates

Philip Oreopoulos, Till von Wachter and Andrew Heisz

12158: Optimal Inflation Targeting under Alternative Fiscal Regimes

Pierpaolo Benigno and Michael Woodford

12157: The Macro-Foundations of Microeconomics: Initial Labor Market Conditions and Long-Term Outcomes for Economists

Paul Oyer

12156: Consumer Demand under Price Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence from the Market for Cigarettes

Mark Coppejans, Donna Gilleskie, Holger Sieg and Koleman Strumpf

12155: What Does Certification Tell Us About Teacher Effectiveness? Evidence from New York City

Thomas J. Kane, Jonah E. Rockoff and Doug Staiger

12154: The U.S. Current Account Deficit: Gradual Correction or Abrupt Adjustment?

Sebastian Edwards

12153: The Diffusion of Development

Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg

12152: An Economist Sells Bagels: A Case Study in Profit Maximization

Steven Levitt

12151: Why Do IPO Auctions Fail?

Ravi Jagannathan and Ann Sherman

12150: Abortion and Selection

Elizabeth Oltmans Ananat, Jonathan Gruber, Phillip Levine and Doug Staiger

12149: Household Finance

John Campbell

12148: Open Source Software: The New Intellectual Property Paradigm

Stephen M. Maurer and Suzanne Scotchmer

12147: Population Aging

David Weil

12146: Investment Taxes and Equity Returns

Clemens Sialm

12145: Preferences and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in a Public School Choice Lottery

Justine Hastings, Thomas J. Kane and Doug Staiger

12144: Optimal Decentralized Investment Management

Jules van Binsbergen, Michael W. Brandt and Ralph Koijen

12143: The New Promised Land: Black-White Convergence in the American South, 1960-2000

Jacob Vigdor

12142: The Causes of Japan's "Lost Decade": The Role of Household Consumption

Charles Horioka

12141: Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States

Gordon Hanson

12140: The Dynamics of the Age Structure, Dependency, and Consumption

Heinrich Hock and David Weil

12139: The Homecoming of American College Women: The Reversal of the College Gender Gap

Claudia Goldin, Lawrence Katz and Ilyana Kuziemko

12138: Bubbles and Busts: The 1990s in the Mirror of the 1920s

Eugene White

12137: How Occupied France Financed Its Own Exploitation in World War II

Filippo Occhino, Kim Oosterlinck and Eugene White

12136: Flight to Quality and Collective Risk Management

Ricardo Caballero and Arvind Krishnamurthy

12135: Political Risk Versus Market Risk in Social Security

John B. Shoven and Sita Slavov

12134: The Thick Market Effect on Housing Markets Transactions

Li Gan and Qinghua Zhang

12133: A Political Economy Theory of the Soft Budget Constraint

James Robinson and Ragnar Torvik

12132: Antitrust in the Not-For-Profit Sector

Tomas Philipson and Richard Posner

12131: Complementarities in Automobile Production

Johannes Van Biesebroeck

12130: Does Neoclassical Theory Account for the Effects of Big Fiscal Shocks? Evidence From World War II

Ellen McGrattan and Lee Ohanian

12129: Zombie Lending and Depressed Restructuring in Japan

Ricardo Caballero, Takeo Hoshi and Anil Kashyap

12128: Why Does Democracy Need Education?

Edward Glaeser, Giacomo Ponzetto and Andrei Shleifer

12127: Institutional Weakness and Stock Price Volatility

Galina Hale, Assaf Razin and Hui Tong

12126: Empirical Models of Auctions

Susan Athey and Philip Haile

12125: On the Theory of Ethnic Conflict

Francesco Caselli and Wilbur Coleman

12124: Why Do Europeans Smoke More than Americans?

David Cutler and Edward Glaeser

12123: The Effects of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes

Dhaval Dave, Inas Rashad and Jasmina Spasojevic

12122: Why China is Likely to Achieve its Growth Objectives

Robert Fogel

12121: Distribution Margins, Imported Inputs, and the Sensitivity of the CPI to Exchange Rates

Linda Goldberg and Jose Campa

12120: The Impact of New Laboratory Procedures and Other Medical Innovations on the Health of Americans, 1990-2003: Evidence from Longitudinal, Disease-Level Data

Frank Lichtenberg

12119: Exploring Links Between Innovation and Diffusion: Adoption of NOx Control Technologies at U.S. Coal-Fired Power Plants

David Popp

12118: The Greenspan Era: Discretion, Rather Than Rules

Benjamin M. Friedman

12117: Exchange Rate Volatility and Productivity Growth: The Role of Financial Development

Philippe Aghion, Philippe Bacchetta, Romain Ranciere and Kenneth Rogoff

12116: Learning from Other Economies: The Unique Institutional and Policy Experiments Down Under

Richard Freeman

12115: The Narrowing of the U.S. Gender Earnings Gap, 1959-1999: A Cohort-Based Analysis

Catherine Weinberger and Peter Kuhn

12114: Prison-Based Education and Re-Entry into the Mainstream Labor Market

John Tyler and Jeffrey Kling

12113: Effects of Title IX and Sports Participation on Girls' Physical Activity and Weight

Robert Kaestner and Xin Xu

12112: Testing for Asymmetric Information Using 'Unused Observables' in Insurance Markets: Evidence from the U.K. Annuity Market

Amy Finkelstein and James Poterba

12111: Deprivation and Disease in Early Twentieth-Century America

Karen Clay and Werner Troesken

12110: Sick of Local Government Corruption? Vote Islamic

J. Vernon Henderson and Ari Kuncoro