NBER Working Papers

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32941: Voting Rules, Turnout, and Economic Policies

Enrico Cantoni, Vincent Pons and Jérôme Schäfer

32940: Data Privacy for Record Linkage and Beyond

Shurong Lin and Eric Kolaczyk

32939: The Effect of Inflation Uncertainty on Household Expectations and Spending

Olena Kostyshyna and Luba Petersen

32938: Firm Productivity and Learning with Digital Technologies: Evidence from Cloud Computing

James M. Brand, Mert Demirer, Connor Finucane and Avner Kreps

32937: Carbon VIX: Carbon Price Uncertainty and Decarbonization Investments

Maximilian Fuchs, Johannes Stroebel and Julian Terstegge

32936: Perpetual Futures Pricing

Damien Ackerer, Julien Hugonnier and Urban Jermann

32935: Assessing Nonresponse Bias in Macro Indicators by Combining Para-, Administrative, and Survey Data

Ori Heffetz, Guy Lichtinger and Daniel B. Reeves

32934: Patent Text and Long-Run Innovation Dynamics: The Critical Role of Model Selection

Ina Ganguli, Jeffrey Lin, Vitaly Meursault and Nicholas Reynolds

32933: Climate Capitalists

Niels Gormsen, Kilian Huber and Sangmin Simon Oh

32932: The New Digital Divide

Mayana Pereira, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia and Juan Lavista Ferres

32931: Black Reparations and Child Well-Being: A Framework and Policy Considerations

Lisa A. Gennetian, Christina M. Gibson-Davis and William Darity

32930: Democracy, Capitalism, and Equality: The Importance of Impersonal Rules

Naomi R. Lamoreaux and John Joseph Wallis

32929: Gender Reveals in the Labor Market: Evidence on Gender Signaling and Statistical Discrimination in an Online Health Care Market

Haoran He, David Neumark and Qian Weng

32928: Business Failures by Branch of Business in the United States, 1895 to 1935: A Statistical History

Gary Richardson, Marco Del Angel and Michael Gou

32927: Instrumental Variables with Unobserved Heterogeneity in Treatment Effects

Magne Mogstad and Alexander Torgovitsky

32926: The Realities Of Disclosure Risks In The Age Of Dark Patterns And Big Data

Ramon Abraham A. Sarmiento

32925: Own-Wage Elasticity: Quantifying the Impact of Minimum Wages on Employment

Arindrajit Dube and Ben Zipperer

32924: The Nonlinear Effects of Air Pollution on Health: Evidence from Wildfire Smoke

Nolan H. Miller, David Molitor and Eric Zou

32923: An Anatomy of Firms’ Political Speech

Pablo Ottonello, Wenting Song and Sebastian Sotelo

32922: Estimating Flexible Income Processes from Subjective Expectations Data: Evidence from India and Colombia

Manuel Arellano, Orazio Attanasio, Samuel Crossman and Víctor Sancibrián

32921: Optimal Monetary Policy with Redistribution

Jennifer La'O and Wendy A. Morrison

32920: Judges Judging Judges: Partisanship and Politics in the Federal Circuit Courts of Appeals

Alma Cohen and Rajeev Dehejia

32919: Optimal Trade Policies and Labor Markets

Yan Bai, Dan Lu and Hanxi Wang

32918: Businesses and Borrowing during the Roaring ‘20s and at the Onset of the Great Depression

Gary Richardson and Marco Del Angel

32917: Credit Scores: Performance and Equity

Stefania Albanesi and Domonkos F. Vamossy

32916: Racial Differences in the Total Rate of Return on Owner-Occupied Housing

Rebecca Diamond and William Diamond

32915: Is Broader Always Better? Preexisting Distortions, Emissions Elasticities, and the Scope of Emissions Pricing

Lawrence H. Goulder, Marc Hafstead and Roberton Williams

32914: Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Disaggregated Economies

Lydia Cox, Jiacheng Feng, Gernot Müller, Ernesto Pasten, Raphael Schoenle and Michael Weber

32913: Effective Regulation and Firm Compliance: The Case of German Privacy Policies

Jacopo Gambato, Bernhard Ganglmair and Julia K. Krämer

32912: Understanding the Impact of Low-Cost Loans on Forced Labor

Anisha Sharma, Manisha Shah and Beata Łuczywek

32911: How Do Holistic Wrap-Around Anti-Poverty Programs Affect Employment and Individualized Outcomes?

Javier Espinosa, William Evans, David Phillips and Tim Spilde

32910: Invoicing Currency and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Japanese Imports: A Panel VAR Analysis

Taiyo Yoshimi, Uraku Yoshimoto, Takatoshi Ito, Kiyotaka Sato, Junko Shimizu and Yushi Yoshida

32909: The Case for Researching Applied Privacy Enhancing Technologies

Claire M. Bowen, Joshua Snoke, Aaron R. Williams and Andrés F. Barrientos

32908: Skills and Human Capital in the Labor Market

David Deming and Mikko I. Silliman

32907: Failing Banks

Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck and Emil Verner

32906: Adapting to Misspecification

Timothy Armstrong, Patrick Kline and Liyang Sun

32905: The Complexities of Differential Privacy for Survey Data

Joerg Drechsler and James Bailie

32904: Trade, Innovation and Firm Financing

Paul Bergin, Ling Feng and Ching-Yi Lin

32903: Privacy Elasticity: A (Hopefully) Useful New Concept

Inbal Dekel, Rachel Cummings, Ori Heffetz and Katrina Ligett

32902: Restaurant Employment, Minimum Wages, and Border Discontinuities

Arindrajit Dube, Michael Reich, Akash Bhatt and Denis Sosinskiy

32901: What’s Across the Border? Re-Evaluating the Cross-Border Evidence on Minimum Wage Effects

Priyaranjan Jha, David Neumark and Antonio Rodriguez-Lopez

32900: Reassessing Sources of Risk Premiums in Currency Markets

Mikhail Chernov, Magnus Dahlquist and Lars A. Lochstoer

32899: Incentives to Vaccinate

Pol Campos-Mercade, Armando N. Meier, Stephan Meier, Devin G. Pope, Florian H. Schneider and Erik Wengström

32898: Equilibrium Evictions

P. Dean Corbae, Andy Glover and Michael Nattinger

32897: Federal Pandemic Relief and Academic Recovery

Dan C. Dewey, Erin M. Fahle, Thomas J. Kane, Sean F. Reardon and Doug Staiger

32896: (Dis)Information Wars

Adrian Casillas, Maryam Farboodi, Layla Hashemi, Maryam Saeedi and Steven Wilson

32895: Mental Health, Substance Use, and Child Maltreatment

Mir M. Ali, Thanh Lu, Johanna Maclean and Angélica Meinhofer

32894: Conviction, Incarceration, and Recidivism: Understanding the Revolving Door

John Humphries, Aurelie Ouss, Kamelia Stavreva, Megan T. Stevenson and Winnie van Dijk

32893: Network Competition in the Airline Industry: An Empirical Framework

Zhe Yuan and Panle Barwick

32892: Self-, Peer-, and Teacher Perceptions under School Tracking

Ofer Malamud, Andreea Mitrut, Cristian Pop-Eleches and Miguel Urquiola

32891: Drivers of Racial Differences in C-Sections

Adriana Corredor-Waldron, Janet Currie and Molly Schnell

32890: Pensioners Without Borders: Agglomeration and the Migration Response to Taxation

Salla Kalin, Antoine B. Levy and Mathilde Muñoz

32889: Measuring Bias in Job Recommender Systems: Auditing the Algorithms

Shuo Zhang and Peter Kuhn

32888: Markups: A Search-Theoretic Perspective

Guido Menzio

32887: Cash Bail and Trial Outcomes in an Early Twentieth-Century Southern Police Court

Howard Bodenhorn

32886: Electric Vehicles and the Energy Transition: Unintended Consequences of a Common Retail Rate Design

Megan R. Bailey, David Brown, Erica Myers, Blake Shaffer and Frank A. Wolak

32885: Gender Diversity in Academic Entrepreneurship: Social Impact Motives and the NSF I-Corps Program

April Burrage, Nilanjana Dasgupta and Ina Ganguli

32884: Movements in Yields, not the Equity Premium: Bernanke-Kuttner Redux

Stefan Nagel and Zhengyang Xu

32883: Too Much of a Good Thing? How Narrow Targeting and Policy Interactions Influence Responses to California’s EITC

David Neumark and Zeyu Li

32882: Risk, the Limits of Financial Risk Management, and Corporate Resilience

René M. Stulz

32881: Inflation and Treasury Convenience

Anna Cieslak, Wenhao Li and Carolin Pflueger

32880: Neoclassical Growth Transition Dynamics with One-Sided Commitment

Dirk Krueger, Fulin Li and Harald Uhlig

32879: The Declining Mental Health of the Young in the UK

David Blanchflower, Alex Bryson and David N.F. Bell

32878: Minimum Wages in the 21st Century

Arindrajit Dube and Attila S. Lindner

32877: Capital Controls on Outflows: New Evidence and a Theoretical Framework

Roberto Chang, Andrés Fernández Martin and Humberto Martinez

32876: Exchange Rate Determination under Limits to CIP Arbitrage

Philippe Bacchetta, Jonathan Davis and Eric van Wincoop

32875: Innovation Networks in the Industrial Revolution

Lukas Rosenberger, W Hanlon and Carl Hallmann

32874: Industrial Composition of Syndicated Loans and Banks' Climate Commitments

Galina Hale, Brigid Meisenbacher and Fernanda Nechio

32873: How the World Became Rich by Mark Koyama and Jared Rubin and Slouching Towards Utopia, by J. Bradford DeLong: A Review Essay

Steven Durlauf

32872: Tasks At Work: Comparative Advantage, Technology and Labor Demand

Daron Acemoglu, Fredric Kong and Pascual Restrepo

32871: Markups and Markdowns

Chad Syverson

32870: The Potential Long-Run Implications of a Permanently-Expanded Child Tax Credit

Elizabeth Ananat and Irwin Garfinkel

32869: The Politicization of Social Responsibility

Todd A. Gormley, Manish Jha and Meng Wang

32868: International Spillovers of U.S. Fiscal Challenges

Joshua Aizenman, William Eldén, Yothin Jinjarak, Gazi Uddin and Frida Widholm

32867: Can Technical Education in High School Smooth Postsecondary Transitions for Students with Disabilities?

Eric Brunner, Shaun Dougherty and Stephen Ross

32866: Poverty and Health

Adriana Lleras-Muney, Hannes Schwandt and Laura Wherry

32865: Crypto Tax Evasion

Tom G. Meling, Magne Mogstad and Arnstein Vestre

32864: Busing to Opportunity? The Impacts of the METCO Voluntary School Desegregation Program on Urban Students of Color

Elizabeth Setren

32863: Learning Firm Conduct: Pass-Through as a Foundation for Instrument Relevance

Adam Dearing, Lorenzo Magnolfi, Daniel Quint, Christopher J. Sullivan and Sarah B. Waldfogel

32862: The Causes and Consequences of U.S. Teacher Strikes

Melissa Arnold Lyon, Matthew Kraft and Matthew P. Steinberg

32861: Taxation and Household Decisions: an Intertemporal Analysis

Mary Ann Bronson, Daniel Haanwinckel and Maurizio Mazzocco

32860: Race, Ethnicity, and Measurement Error

Bruce Meyer, Nikolas Mittag and Derek Wu

32859: The Drivers of Post-Pandemic Inflation

Domenico Giannone and Giorgio Primiceri

32858: Dual Credit Markets: Income Risk, Household Debt, and Consumption

David A. Matsa, Brian Melzer and Michal Zator

32857: CBDCs, Payment Firms, and Geopolitics

Tobias Berg, Jan Keil, Felix Martini and Manju Puri

32856: The Effect of Emergency Financial Assistance on Employment and Earnings

Daniel Hungerman, David Phillips, Kevin Rinz and James Sullivan

32855: NAR Settlement, House Prices, and Consumer Welfare

Greg Buchak, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski and Amit Seru

32854: Have CEOs Changed?

Yann Decressin, Steven N. Kaplan and Morten Sorensen

32853: Fair Trade Agreements

Francesco Passarelli and Robert Staiger

32852: Direct and Indirect Taxes in Pollution Dynamics

Vladimir Smirnyagin, Aleh Tsyvinski and Xi Wu

32851: Parental Investments and Skills Formation During Infancy and Youth: Long Term Evidence From an Early Childhood Intervention

Orazio Attanasio, Darwin Cortés, Darío Maldonado, Paul Rodriguez-Lesmes, Nathalie Charpak, Rejean Tessier, Juan G. Ruiz, Juan Gallego, Tiberio Hernandez, Felipe Uriza and Andres Gallegos

32850: Spooky Boundaries at a Distance: Inductive Bias, Dynamic Models, and Behavioral Macro

Mahdi E. Kahou, Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde, Sebastian Gomez-Cardona, Jesse Perla and Jan Rosa

32849: People, Practices, and Productivity: A Review of New Advances in Personnel Economics

Mitchell Hoffman and Christopher T. Stanton

32848: Firm Adaptation to Climate Change

Arti Grover and Matthew Kahn

32847: Eliciting Thresholds for Interdependent Behavior

Moritz Janas, Nikos Nikiforakis and Simon Siegenthaler

32846: The Consumer Welfare Effects of Online Ads: Evidence from a 9-Year Experiment

Erik Brynjolfsson, Avinash Collis, Asad Liaqat, Daley Kutzman, Haritz Garro, Daniel Deisenroth and Nils Wernerfelt

32845: Credit When You Need It

Benjamin L. Collier, Daniel Hartley, Benjamin Keys and Jing Xian Ng

32844: Technology Adoption and Career Concerns: Evidence from the Adoption of Digital Technology in Motion Pictures

Grant Goehring, Filippo Mezzanotti and S. Abraham (Avri) Ravid

32843: Who Benefits from Retirement Saving Incentives in the U.S.? Evidence on Gaps in Retirement Wealth Accumulation by Race and Parental Income

Taha Choukhmane, Jorge Colmenares, Cormac O'Dea, Jonathan Rothbaum and Lawrence Schmidt

32842: School Milestones Impact Child Mental Health in Taiwan

Kuan-Ming Chen, Janet Currie, Hui Ding and Wei-Lun Lo