NBER Working Papers

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34986: What Makes New Work Different from More Work?

David Autor, Caroline Chin, Anna M. Salomons and Bryan Seegmiller

34985: Contract Enforcement and Young Firm Capital Structure: A Global Perspective

Gonzalo E. Basante Pereira and Ina Simonovska

34984: Artificial Intelligence, Productivity, and the Workforce: Evidence from Corporate Executives

Salome Baslandze, Zachary Edwards, John Graham, Ty McClure, Brent Meyer, Michael Sparks, Sonya R. Waddell and Daniel Weitz

34983: An 'Austrian' Model of International Specialization

Pol Antras and Adrian Kulesza

34982: Household Migration and Collateral Constraint: Cash-based Housing Resettlement in China

Zhiguo He, Zehao Liu, Xinle Pang, Yang Su and Kunru Zou

34981: The Long-Term Decline of the U.S. Job Ladder

Niklas Engbom, Aniket Baksy and Daniele Caratelli

34980: Does Employment Shift Mothers' Voting Behavior and Political Identity?

Jacob Bastian

34979: When Are Decisions Improvable? An Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods

B. Douglas Bernheim, Aldo Lucia, Kirby Nielsen and Charles Sprenger

34978: Climate Fairness and Growth: Allocating the Remaining Carbon Budget

Galina Hale, Michael Halling, Nora Alice. Paulus and Han H. G. Pham

34977: From Free Rider to Innovator: The Rise of China’s Drug Development

Panle Barwick, Hongyuan Xia and Tianli Xia

34976: The Rise of the Modern Hospital and Early-Life Health: Evidence from the Hill-Burton Act

Owen Thompson, Jason Fletcher and Karin Wu

34975: Standardized Test Scores and Academic Performance at a Public University System

Ted Joyce, Mina Afrouzi Khosroshahi, Sarah Truelsch, Kerstin Gentsch and Kyle Du

34974: Financial Conditions Targeting in a Multi-Asset Open Economy

Ricardo Caballero and Alp Simsek

34973: Identifying Uncertainty, Learning about Productivity, and Human Capital Acquisition: A Reassessment of Labor Market Sorting and Firm Monopsony Power

Cristina Gualdani, Elena Pastorino, Aureo de Paula and Sergio Salgado Ibáñez

34972: Reserve Demand Estimation with Minimal Theory

Ricardo Lagos and Gaston Navarro

34971: The max EPS Paradigm for Corporate Finance

Itzhak Ben-David and Alex Chinco

34970: Loaded Chambers: Organized Interests, Public Opinion, and Policy Responsiveness in the American States

Takuma Iwasaki, Eric A. Baldwin, John Donohue and Tai Markman

34969: Household Preferences for Women’s Employment: A Field Experiment in Bangladesh

Yueh-ya Hsu, Reshmaan N. Hussam, Erin M. Kelley and Gregory Lane

34968: The Global Incumbency Advantage

Raphaël Descamps, Benjamin Marx, Vincent Pons and Vincent Rollet

34967: Mutual Party Extremism

Ivo Welch

34966: Life Cycle Portfolio Choice with Human Capital and Social Security

Jason Scott, John B. Shoven, Sita Slavov and John G. Watson

34965: Out of the Black Box: Uncertainty Quantification for LLMs via Conditional Probabilities

Hui Chen, Antoine Didisheim and Luciano A. Somoza

34964: Attention (And Money) Is All You Need: Why Universities Are Struggling to Keep AI Talent

Ufuk Akcigit, Craig A. Chikis, Emin Dinlersoz and Nathan Goldschlag

34963: Work from Home and Fertility

Steven Davis, Cevat Giray Aksoy, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Katelyn Cranney, Mathias Dolls and Pablo Zárate

34962: The Universal Pursuit of Safety and the Demand for (Lethal, Non-Lethal or No) Guns

Marcella Alsan, Joshua Schwartzstein and Stefanie Stantcheva

34961: Cutting Costs or Cutting Corners: Asset Reallocation in Oil and Gas Production

Sarah C. Armitage, Judson Boomhower and Catherine Hausman

34960: max EPS Payout Policy

Itzhak Ben-David and Alex Chinco

34959: Blockchain Technology for Traditional Finance

Eric Budish and Adi Sunderam

34958: The Emergence of Regional Cultures in the United States

Taylor Jaworski and Erik Kimbrough

34957: School Choice and Segregation: Evidence from the Oakland Unified School District

Jesse Rothstein, Ini Umosen and Christopher R. Walters

34956: International Comparison of Physician Incomes

Aidan Buehler, Joshua Gottlieb, Jeffrey Hicks, Lisa Laun, Mårten Palme, Maria Polyakova, Victoria Udalova and Maria Ventura

34955: Physician Competition: Entry and Substitution

Joshua Gottlieb and Sean Nicholson

34954: Stimulating Auto Markets

David Berger, Geoffrey Gee, Nicholas Turner and Eric Zwick

34953: AI in Science

Ajay Agrawal, John McHale and Alexander Oettl

34952: Easy A’s, Less Pay: The Long-Term Effects of Grade Inflation

Jeffrey Denning, Rachel L. Nesbit, Nolan Pope and Merrill Warnick

34951: Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service

Susan Athey, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath and Jessica Zhu

34950: The Economics of Algorithmic Personalization: Evidence from an Educational Technology Platform

Keshav Agrawal, Susan Athey, Ayush Kanodia, Shanjukta Nath and Emil Palikot

34949: Medicaid Coverage for Obesity Medications: Utilization and Net-of-Rebate Spending

Coady Wing, Wei-Lun Lo, Maddie Potter, Tarik Yuce, Alberto Ortega, John Cawley, Thuy D. Nguyen and Kosali Simon

34948: We've Got You Covered: Firms' Political Stances on Abortion and Labor Market Sorting

Pawel Adrjan, Svenja Gudell, Emily E. Nix, Allison Shrivastava, Evan P. Starr and Evan P. Starr

34947: Deep Learning Projects Jurisdiction of New and Proposed Clean Water Act Regulation

Simon Greenhill, Brant J. Walker and Joseph Shapiro

34946: The Heterogeneous Earnings Impact of Job Loss Across Workers, Establishments, and Markets

Susan Athey, Lisa Simon, Oskar Skans, Johan Vikstrom and Yaroslav Yakymovych

34945: The Elasticity of Corporate Taxable Income Across Countries

Claudio Agostini, Zareh Asatryan, Laurent Bach, Govindadeva Bernier, Marinho Bertanha, Katarzyna Bilicka, Anne Brockmeyer, Jaroslav Bukovina, Guillermo Falcone, Pablo Garriga, Yuxuan He, Petr Janský, Evangelos Koumanakos, Tomáš Lichard, Tomás Martins, Ján Palguta, Elena Patel, João Pereira dos Santos, Louis Perrault, Thomas Schwab, Nathan Seegert, Oliver Škultéty, Kristina Strohmaier, Maximilian Todtenhaupt, Guillermo Vuletin and Branislav Žúdel

34944: "Feel" as a Determinant of College Choice: Evidence from Campus Tour Weather

Olivia Feldman, Joshua Hyman and Matthew L. McGann

34943: The Changing Landscape of International Development: An Introduction

Pascaline Dupas, Pinelopi Goldberg and Rohini Pande

34942: Dollarization Waves: New Evidence From a Comprehensive International Bond Database

Swapan-Kumar Pradhan, Eswar Prasad, Elod Takats and Judit Temesvary

34941: Institutional Shocks and Migration Adjustment: Evidence from the Syrian Crisis and Brexit’s Referendum and Implementation

Assaf Razin

34940: Market Feedback about Emerging Technologies

Sean S. Cao, Itay Goldstein, Jie He and Yabo Zhao

34939: The Skill Premium in Times of Rapid Technological Change

Tarek Hassan, Aakash Kalyani and Pascual Restrepo

34938: Reducing Waste through Anti-Fraud Enforcement: Evidence from Hospital Admission Cases

David H. Howard and Jetson Leder-Luis

34937: General Social Agents

Benjamin S. Manning and John Horton

34936: Who Gets What in Education: Can School Matching Improve Student Achievement?

Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Parag A. Pathak and Christopher R. Walters

34935: Tariffs, Automation, and Business Dynamism

Stéphane Auray, Michael Devereux and Aurélien Eyquem

34934: From Complaint to Action: Technology-Enabled Quality Improvement from Consumer Reviews

Guangyu Cao, Shenghao He and Ginger Zhe Jin

34933: Alternatives to 911

Bocar A. Ba

34932: Personnel is Policy: Delegation and Political Misalignment in the Rulemaking Process

Luca Bellodi, Massimo Morelli, Jörg Spenkuch, Edoardo Teso, Matia Vannoni and Guo Xu

34931: Imitation, Reciprocity, and Community Structure in Norm Transmission: Evidence from Teachers and Students

Victor Lavy and Moses Shayo

34930: When Do Financial Frictions Matter for Misallocation?

Yan Bai, Dan Lu, Xu Tian and Yajie Wang

34929: Restoring Nature, Creating Wealth: Evidence from Rural Households in Africa

Geoffrey Heal, Claudio Rizzi and Simon Xu

34928: Competition in Health Insurance Markets

Martin Gaynor and Amanda Starc

34927: The Effects of a Sudden Stop in Low-Skilled Immigration: Evidence from Korea’s Guest Worker Program

Jongkwan Lee, Giovanni Peri and Hee-Seung Yang

34926: Repression

Gerard Padró I Miquel and Nancy Qian

34925: The Micro-Geography of Persuasion: Randomized Peer Exposure and Legislative Outcomes

Lauren Cohen and Bo Li

34924: Measuring Payroll Employment: A Note on the Current Employment Statistics

Ryan A. Decker

34923: Why People Disagree About What Drives Stock Prices

Andrew Atkeson, Fabrizio Perri and Jonathan Heathcote

34922: How Do Rapid Sectoral Shifts Affect Workers? Theory and an Application to the Climate Transition

John R. Grigsby and Nathan Zorzi

34921: The Market Value of Reproductive Rights: Evidence from U.S. Housing Markets

Daniel Dench, Kelly Lifchez, Jason Lindo and Jancy Ling Liu

34920: Mergers and Non-contractible Benefits: The Employees' Perspective

Wei Cai, Andrea Prat and Jiehang Yu

34919: How does AI Distribute the pie? Large Language Models and the Ultimatum Game

Douglas KG. Araujo and Harald Uhlig

34918: Pay Now, Buy Never: The Economics of Consumer Prepayment Schemes

Yixuan Liu, Hua Zhang and Eric Zou

34917: When Incentives Aren't Enough: Evidence on Inattention and Imperfect Memory from HIV Medication Adherence

Hang Yu, Jared Stolove, Dean Yang, James Riddell Iv and Arlete Mahumane

34916: Climate Disasters and Intergenerational Equity: A Fiscal Rule for Sustainable Development

Harrison Hong, Heqing Huang and Neng Wang

34915: The Economics of Tariffs

Ralph Ossa and Stephen Redding

34914: Loneliness, Mental Health and the Work-From-Home Revolution

Benjamin Cowan and Joe M. Spearing

34913: Understanding High Schools’ Effects on Longer-Term Outcomes

Preeya P. Mbekeani, John P. Papay, Ann Mantil and Richard Murnane

34912: Online Buddies for Job Seekers: A Field Experiment

Bart de Koning, Paul Muller, Michèle Belot, Yvonne Engels, Didier Fouarge, Mario Keer, Philipp Kircher and Sandra Phlippen

34911: How Do Interest Rates Affect Consumption? Household Debt and the Role of Asset Prices

Angus Foulis, Jonathon Hazell, Atif Mian and Belinda Tracey

34910: AI, Human Cognition and Knowledge Collapse

Daron Acemoglu, Dingwen Kong and Asuman Ozdaglar

34909: Multidimensional Signaling and the Rise of Cultural Politics

Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov and Konstantin Sonin

34908: Geoeconomic Competition and Capital Reallocation in Global FX Funding

Yu An and Amy W. Huber

34907: Efficiency, Insurance, and Redistribution Effects of Government Policies

Anmol Bhandari, David Evans, Mikhail Golosov and Thomas Sargent

34906: Equity Financing and Exports: Evidence from IPO Approvals in China

Robin Gong, Yao Li, Stephen Teng. Sun and Shang-Jin Wei

34905: When Benchmarks Fail: The Causes and Consequences of Negative Oil Prices

Erik P. Gilje, Robert C. Ready, Nikolai Roussanov and Jérôme P. Taillard

34904: An Empirical Evaluation of Some Long-Horizon Macroeconomic Forecasts

Kurt Lunsford and Kenneth West

34903: Bubbles, Booms and Crashes in the US Stock Market 1792-2024

William Goetzmann, Otto Manninen and James Tyler

34902: Farmer Adoption and Payment Design Under Risk: Variability in Soil Carbon Sequestration Across Conservation Practices

Khyati Malik

34901: Did Foreigners Pay America's Tariffs? Quantity Discounts, Scale Economies and Incomplete Pass-Through

Sharat Ganapati and Colin Hottman

34900: The Vietnam War and Racial Integration

Zachary Bleemer

34899: Capital Structure, Seniority, and Risk Premia: Evidence from the London Stock Exchange, 1870–1929

William Goetzmann and K. Rouwenhorst

34898: What Threshold Should be Applied to Tests of Factor Models?

Campbell Harvey, Alessio Sancetta and Yuqian Zhao

34897: Scanner Data, Product Churn and Quality Adjustment

Walter Diewert and Chihiro Shimizu

34896: Are Macro Shocks Second Order?

Michail Anthropelos, Jasmina Hasanhodzic and Laurence Kotlikoff

34895: Minimum Wages and Rise of the Robots

Erik Brynjolfsson, J. Frank Li, Javier Miranda, Robert Seamans and Andrew J. Wang

34894: Inflation vs Inclusion: Stabilization Policy in the Wake of the Pandemic

Felipe Alves and Giovanni Violante

34893: Ray of Hope? China and the Rise of Solar Energy

Ignacio Banares-Sanchez, Robin Burgess, Dávid László, Pol Simpson, John van Reenen and Yifan Wang

34892: Interest Rate Risk and Cross-Sectional Effects of Micro-Prudential Regulation

Juliane Begenau, Vadim Elenev and Tim Landvoigt

34891: Consumption Wedges: Measuring and Diagnosing Distortions

Sasha Indarte, Raymond Kluender, Ulrike Malmendier and Michael Stepner

34890: Improving Organ Procurement Operations

Hammaad Adam, Nikhil Agarwal and Marzyeh Ghassemi

34889: Optimal Simple Ratings

Hugo Hopenhayn and Maryam Saeedi

34888: Drivers of Dollar Share in Foreign Exchange Reserves

Linda Goldberg and Oliver Hannaoui

34887: A Theory of Subsidy Harvesting in Livestock Price Insurance

Michael Adjemian and A. Ford Ramsey