NBER Working Papers

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32162: English Language Requirement and Educational Inequality: Evidence from 16 Million College Applicants in China

Hongbin Li, Lingsheng Meng, Kai Mu and Shaoda Wang

32161: ChatGPT and Corporate Policies

Manish Jha, Jialin Qian, Michael Weber and Baozhong Yang

32160: The Long-term Effects of Inflation on Inflation Expectations

Fabio Braggion, Felix von Meyerinck, Nic Schaub and Michael Weber

32159: On Digital Currencies

Harald Uhlig

32158: How Do Voters Respond to Welfare Vis-a-Vis Public Good Programs? Theory and Evidence of Political Clientelism

Pranab Bardhan, Sandip Mitra, Dilip Mookherjee and Anusha Nath

32157: Declining Clientelism of Welfare Benefits? Targeting and Political Competition based Evidence from an Indian state

Pushkar Maitra, Sandip Mitra, Dilip Mookherjee and Sujata Visaria

32156: Content Moderation with Opaque Policies

Scott Kominers and Jesse Shapiro

32155: Information-Based Pricing in Specialized Lending

Kristian Blickle, Zhiguo He, Jing Huang and Cecilia Parlatore

32154: Gender Differences in Negotiations and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from an Information Intervention with College Students

Patricia Cortes, Jacob French, Jessica Pan and Basit Zafar

32153: Taxing Top Wealth: Migration Responses and their Aggregate Economic Implications

Katrine Jakobsen, Henrik Kleven, Jonas Kolsrud, Camille Landais and Mathilde Muñoz

32152: Smooth Diagnostic Expectations

Francesco Bianchi, Cosmin Ilut and Hikaru Saijo

32151: The Essential Role of Altruism in Medical Decision Making

Paul Gertler and Ada Kwan

32150: Trade War and Peace: U.S.-China Trade and Tariff Risk from 2015–2050

George Alessandria, Shafaat Khan, Armen Khederlarian, Kim Ruhl and Joseph Steinberg

32149: A Cognitive Foundation for Perceiving Uncertainty

Aislinn Bohren, Josh Hascher, Alex Imas, Michael Ungeheuer and Martin Weber

32148: Understanding the Demand-Side of an Illegal Market: Prohibition of Menthol Cigarettes

Donald Kenkel, Alan Mathios, Grace N. Phillips, Revathy Suryanarayana, Hua Wang and Sen Zeng

32147: Misallocation and Asset Prices

Winston Dou, Yan Ji, Di Tian and Pengfei Wang

32146: Data, Privacy Laws and Firm Production: Evidence from the GDPR

Mert Demirer, Diego J. Jiménez Hernández, Dean Li and Sida Peng

32145: Climate Change, Population Growth, and Population Pressure

J. Vernon Henderson, Bo Yeon Jang, Adam Storeygard and David Weil

32144: Labor Migration, Capital Accumulation, and the Structure of Rural Labor Markets

Taryn Dinkelman, Grace Kumchulesi and Martine Mariotti

32143: Technology Regulation Reconsidered: The Effects of Certificate of Need Policies on the Quantity and Quality of Diagnostic Imaging

Jill Horwitz, Austin Nichols, Carrie Colla and David Cutler

32142: Invoice Currency Choice in Intra-Firm Trade: A Transaction-Level Analysis of Japanese Automobile Exports

Taiyo Yoshimi, Uraku Yoshimoto, Kiyotaka Sato, Takatoshi Ito, Junko Shimizu and Yushi Yoshida

32141: How Managers Can Use Purchaser Performance Information to Improve Procurement Efficiency

Pablo Celhay, Paul Gertler, Marcelo Olivares and Raimundo Undurraga

32140: Applying AI to Rebuild Middle Class Jobs

David Autor

32139: Out-group Penalties in Refugee Assistance: A Survey Experiment

Cristina Cattaneo, Daniela Grieco, Nicola Lacetera and Mario Macis

32138: Tariff Rate Uncertainty and the Structure of Supply Chains

Sebastian Heise, Justin Pierce, Georg Schaur and Peter Schott

32137: Monetary Policy Wedges and the Long-term Liabilities of Households and Firms

Jules van Binsbergen and Marco Grotteria

32136: The Government Patent Register: A New Resource for Measuring U.S. Government-Funded Patenting

Daniel Gross and Bhaven Sampat

32135: Discrete Choice, Complete Markets, and Equilibrium

Simon Mongey and Michael Waugh

32134: Behavioral Responses to Wealth Taxation: Evidence from Colombia

Juliana Londoño-Vélez and Javier Avila-Mahecha

32133: What Drives U.S. Import Price Inflation?

Mary Amiti, Oleg Itskhoki and David Weinstein

32132: Making a Song and Dance About It: The Effectiveness of Teaching Children Vocabulary with Animated Music Videos

Ariel Kalil, Susan Mayer, Philip Oreopoulos and Rohen Shah

32131: Populism, Polarization and Green Investment

Anders Anderson and David Robinson

32130: Declining Responsiveness at the Establishment Level: Sources and Productivity Implications

Russell Cooper, John Haltiwanger and Jonathan Willis

32129: Exorbitant Privilege and the Sustainability of US Public Debt

Jason Choi, Duong Q. Dang, Rishabh Kirpalani and Diego J. Perez

32128: The Role of International Financial Integration in Monetary Policy Transmission

Jing Cynthia Wu, Yinxi Xie and Ji Zhang

32127: The Role of Non-Pecuniary Considerations: Location Decisions of College Graduates from Low Income Backgrounds

Yifan Gong, Todd Stinebrickner, Ralph Stinebrickner and Yuxi Yao

32126: Education Inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean

Raquel Fernandez, Carmen Pages, Miguel Szekely and Ivonne Acevedo

32125: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Algorithms

Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan and Ashesh Rambachan

32124: Credible Numbers: A Procedure for Reporting Statistical Precision in Parameter Estimates

Nicolas Astier and Frank A. Wolak

32123: The Determinants of Declining Internal Migration

William Olney and Owen Thompson

32122: Experimental Estimates of College Coaching on Postsecondary Re-enrollment

Lesley Turner and Oded Gurantz

32121: Did Violence Against Asian-Americans Rise in 2020? Evidence from a Novel Approach to Measuring Potentially Racially-Motivated Attacks

Aleksei Knorre, Britte Van Tiem and Aaron Chalfin

32120: Competitive Effects of Charter Schools

David Figlio, Cassandra Hart and Krzysztof Karbownik

32119: The Consequences of Abuse, Neglect and Cyber-bullying on the Wellbeing of the Young

David Blanchflower and Alex Bryson

32118: Event-Studies with a Continuous Treatment

Brantly Callaway, Andrew Goodman-Bacon and Pedro Sant'Anna

32117: Difference-in-differences with a Continuous Treatment

Brantly Callaway, Andrew Goodman-Bacon and Pedro Sant'Anna

32116: How Do Surrogates Make Treatment Decisions for Patients with Dementia? An Experimental Survey Study

Lauren Nicholas, Kenneth M. Langa, Scott D. Halpern and Mario Macis

32115: Whatever-It-Takes Policymaking during the Pandemic

Kathryn Dominguez and Andrea Foschi

32114: Evolution of Debt Financing toward Less-Regulated Financial Intermediaries in the United States

Isil Erel and Eduard Inozemtsev

32113: Information-Constrained Coordination of Economic Behavior

Guy Aridor, Rava Azeredo da Silveira and Michael Woodford

32112: Campaigning Against Populism Emotions and Information in Real Election Campaigns

Cesi Cruz, Julien Labonne and Francesco Trebbi

32111: Difference-in-Differences in the Marketplace

Robert Minton and Casey Mulligan

32110: Lives vs. Livelihoods: The Impact of the Great Recession on Mortality and Welfare

Amy Finkelstein, Matthew Notowidigdo, Frank Schilbach and Jonathan Zhang

32109: Immigration Enforcement and Public Safety

Felipe M. Gonçalves, Elisa Jácome and Emily K. Weisburst

32108: Does Defensive Gun Use Deter Crime?

John Donohue, Alex Oktay, Amy L. Zhang and Matthew Benavides

32107: Keeping Up with the Jansens: Causal Peer Effects on Household Spending, Beliefs and Happiness

Maarten van Rooij, Olivier Coibion, Dimitris Georgarakos, Bernardo Candia and Yuriy Gorodnichenko

32106: Copyright Policy Options for Generative Artificial Intelligence

Joshua Gans

32105: How Learning About Harms Impacts the Optimal Rate of Artificial Intelligence Adoption

Joshua Gans

32104: Gender Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

Inés Berniell, Raquel Fernandez and Sonya Krutikova

32103: Effects of Childhood Cognitive and Behavioral Disabilities on Adult Economic Outcomes

Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan and Nancy Reichman

32102: Protective Behavior and Life Insurance

Abigail Hurwitz, Olivia Mitchell and Orly Sade

32101: CEO Compensation and Cash-Flow Shocks: Evidence from Changes in Environmental Regulations

Seungho Choi, Ross Levine, Raphael Jonghyeon Park and Simon Xu

32100: Does Pension Automatic Enrollment Increase Debt? Evidence from a Large-Scale Natural Experiment

John Beshears, Matthew Blakstad, James Choi, Christopher Firth, John Gathergood, David Laibson, Richard Notley, Jesal D. Sheth, Will Sandbrook and Neil Stewart

32099: Platform Information Provision and Consumer Search: A Field Experiment

Lu Fang, Yanyou Chen, Chiara Farronato, Zhe Yuan and Yitong Wang

32098: The Causal Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions on Macroeconomic Outcomes: Evidence and Theory

Xiwen Bai, Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde, Yiliang Li and Francesco Zanetti

32097: Optimal Trade Policy with International Technology Diffusion

Yan Bai, Keyu Jin, Dan Lu and Hanxi Wang

32096: Intra-Household Insurance and the Intergenerational Transmission of Income Risk

Francesco Agostinelli, Domenico Ferraro, Xincheng Qiu and Giuseppe Sorrenti

32095: Do Double Majors Face Less Risk? An Analysis of Human Capital Diversification

Andrew Hanks, Shengjun Jiang, Xuechao Qian, Bo Wang and Bruce Weinberg

32094: Non-Linear Inflation Dynamics in Menu Cost Economies

Andres Blanco, Corina Boar, Callum Jones and Virgiliu Midrigan

32093: Cash Transfers for Child Development: Experimental Evidence from India

Jeffrey Weaver, Sandip Sukhtankar, Paul Niehaus and Karthik Muralidharan

32092: Convenience Yields and Exchange Rate Puzzles

Zhengyang Jiang, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Hanno Lustig and Jialu Sun

32091: Power Flows: Transmission Lines, Allocative Efficiency, and Corporate Profits

Catherine Hausman

32090: Policy Responses to Tax Competition: An Introduction

David Agrawal, James Poterba and Owen Zidar

32089: Customer Data Access and Fintech Entry: Early Evidence from Open Banking

Tania Babina, Saleem Bahaj, Greg Buchak, Filippo De Marco, Angus Foulis, Will Gornall, Francesco Mazzola and Tong Yu

32088: Energy Transitions in Regulated Markets

Gautam Gowrisankaran, Ashley Langer and Mar Reguant

32087: Constructing Quarterly Chinese Time Series Usable for Macroeconomic Analysis

Kaiji Chen, Patrick Higgins and Tao Zha

32086: The Economic Impact of Heritable Physical Traits: Hot Parents, Rich Kid?

Daniel Hamermesh and Anwen Zhang

32085: Value Chain Microfinance

Lorenzo Casaburi and Jack Willis

32084: The Predictive Power of the Term Spread and Financial Variables for Economic Activity across Countries

Menzie Chinn and Laurent Ferrara

32083: The Effects of Immigration in a Developing Country: Brazil in the Age of Mass Migration

David Escamilla-Guerrero, Andrea Papadia and Ariell Zimran

32082: Help for the Heartland? The Employment and Electoral Effects of the Trump Tariffs in the United States

David Autor, Anne Beck, David Dorn and Gordon Hanson

32081: Export-Platform FDI: Cannibalization or Complementarity?

Pol Antras, Evgenii Fadeev, Teresa Fort and Felix Tintelnot

32080: Durables and Size-Dependence in the Marginal Propensity to Spend

Martin Beraja and Nathan Zorzi

32079: User Rights for Ocean Ecosystem Conservation

Gary Libecap

32078: Happiness Dynamics, Reference Dependence, and Motivated Beliefs in U.S. Presidential Elections

Miles Kimball, Collin B. Raymond, Jiannan Zhou, Junya Zhou, Fumio Ohtake and Yoshiro Tsutsui

32077: Diminishing Marginal Utility Revisited

Miles Kimball, Daniel Reck, Fudong Zhang, Fumio Ohtake and Yoshiro Tsutsui

32076: Human Capital by Gender: a G20 and Selected Geographies Perspective

Barbara M. Fraumeni, Gang Liu and Shunsuke Managi

32075: Do Patients Value High-Quality Medical Care? Experimental Evidence from Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment

Carolina Lopez, Anja Sautmann and Simone Schaner

32074: Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts

Sarah Holmes Berk, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James Choi and David Laibson

32073: Ends versus Means: Kantians, Utilitarians, and Moral Decisions

Roland Benabou, Armin Falk and Luca Henkel

32072: Import Constraints

Diego Comin, Robert Johnson and Callum Jones

32071: UI Benefit Generosity and Labor Supply from 2002-2020

Alex Bell, Hedin Tj, Geoffrey Schnorr and Till von Wachter

32070: Money Isn’t Everything: Estimating the Prestige Value of Winning Cutthroat Kitchen from Overbidding in Sabotage Auctions

Meg Snyder, Daniel Bragen, Matthew Rousu and Christopher Snyder

32069: The Wandering Scholars: Understanding the Heterogeneity of University Commercialization

Josh Lerner, Henry J. Manley, Carolyn Stein and Heidi Williams

32068: Principal Component Analysis for a Mix of Stationary and Nonstationary Variables

James Hamilton, Xinwei Ma and Jin Xi

32067: Age at Immigrant Arrival and Career Mobility: Evidence from Vietnamese Refugee Migration and the Amerasian Homecoming Act

Sari Pekkala Kerr, William Kerr and Kendall E. Smith

32066: Deadlines Versus Continuous Incentives: Evidence from the Patent Office

Michael D. Frakes and Melissa F. Wasserman

32065: Regularization from Economic Constraints: A New Estimator for Marginal Emissions

Stephen Holland, Erin Mansur, Valentin Verdier and Andrew Yates

32064: What Do Shareholders Want? Consumer Welfare and the Objective of the Firm

Keith Ericson

32063: Cool cities: The value of urban trees

Lu Han, Stephan Heblich, Christopher Timmins and Yanos Zylberberg