NBER Working Papers

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29762: The Federal Funds Market, Pre- and Post-2008

Eric Swanson

29761: The Great Gatsby Curve

Steven Durlauf, Andros Kourtellos and Chih Ming Tan

29760: Intergenerational Mobility

Neil A. Cholli and Steven Durlauf

29759: Group Corruption via Sequential Bargaining in a Hierarchical Organization

Fan-chin Kung, Ping Wang and Quan Wen

29758: Conditional Cash Transfers for Education

Sandra García and Juan Saavedra

29757: Unequal Expenditure Switching: Evidence from Switzerland

Raphael Auer, Ariel Burstein, Sarah Lein and Jonathan Vogel

29756: Reinforcing RCTs with Multiple Priors while Learning about External Validity

Frederico Finan and Demian Pouzo

29755: Information and Credible Sanctions in Curbing Online Cheating Among Undergraduates: a Field Experiment

Daniel Dench and Ted Joyce

29754: Children and the US Social Safety Net: Balancing Disincentives for Adults and Benefits for Children

Anna Aizer, Hilary Hoynes and Adriana Lleras-Muney

29753: Who Can Tell Which Banks Will Fail?

Kristian Blickle, Markus Brunnermeier and Stephan Luck

29752: Valuing the Time of the Self-Employed

Daniel J. Agness, Travis Baseler, Sylvain Chassang, Pascaline Dupas and Erik Snowberg

29751: The Rise of the Engineer: Inventing the Professional Inventor During the Industrial Revolution

W Hanlon

29750: Survey Experiments on Economic Expectations

Andreas Fuster and Basit Zafar

29749: Assessing Misallocation in Agriculture: Plots versus Farms

Fernando Aragon, Diego Restuccia and Juan Pablo Rud

29748: Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program

Sergey Chernenko and David Scharfstein

29747: The Information Content of Corporate Earnings: Evidence from the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Oliver Binz and John Graham

29746: Corporate Flexibility in a Time of Crisis

John W. Barry, Murillo Campello, John Graham and Yueran Ma

29745: Land Speculation and Wobbly Dynamics with Endogenous Phase Transitions

Tomohiro Hirano and Joseph Stiglitz

29744: The Value of Arbitrage

Eduardo Davila, Daniel D. Graves and Cecilia Parlatore

29743: Local Journalism under Private Equity Ownership

Michael Ewens, Arpit Gupta and Sabrina T. Howell

29742: A Bridge to Graduation: Post-Secondary Effects of an Alternative Pathway for Students Who Fail High School Exit Exams

Jane Arnold Lincove, Catherine Mata and Kalena Cortes

29741: From Anti-vax Intentions to Vaccination: Panel and Experimental Evidence from Nine Countries

Vincenzo Galasso, Vincent Pons, Paola Profeta, Michael Becher, Sylvain Brouard and Martial Foucault

29740: Environmental Liabilities, Borrowing Costs, and Pollution Prevention Activities: The Nationwide Impact of the Apex Oil Ruling

Jianqiang Chen, Pei-Fang Hsieh, Po-Hsuan Hsu and Ross Levine

29739: How Tight are U.S. Labor Markets?

Alex Domash and Lawrence Summers

29738: Minority Underrepresentation in U.S. Cities

Federico Ricca and Francesco Trebbi

29737: Reconciling Trends in U.S. Male Earnings Volatility: Results from Survey and Administrative Data

Robert Moffitt, John Abowd, Christopher Bollinger, Michael D. Carr, Charles M. Hokayem, Kevin L. McKinney, Emily E. Wiemers, Sisi Zhang and James Ziliak

29736: Designing Benefits for Platform Workers

Jonathan Gruber

29735: How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?

Leemore Dafny, Kate Ho and Edward Kong

29734: Two-Way Fixed Effects and Differences-in-Differences with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects: A Survey

Clément de Chaisemartin and Xavier D'Haultfoeuille

29733: A Structural Empirical Model of R&D Investment, Firm Heterogeneity, and Industry Evolution

Yanyou Chen and Yi Xu

29732: The 2021 Paycheck Protection Program Reboot: Loan Disbursement to Employer and Nonemployer Businesses in Minority Communities

Robert Fairlie and Frank Fossen

29731: Share Pledging in China: Funding Listed Firms or Funding Entrepreneurship?

Zhiguo He, Bibo Liu and Feifei Zhu

29730: Justifying Dissent

Leonardo Bursztyn, Georgy Egorov, Ingar Haaland, Aakaash Rao and Christopher Roth

29729: Back to Trend: COVID Effects on E-commerce in 47 Countries

Joel Alcedo, Alberto Cavallo, Bricklin Dwyer, Prachi Mishra and Antonio Spilimbergo

29728: Teacher Labor Market Policy and the Theory of the Second Best

Michael Bates, Michael Dinerstein, Andrew Johnston and Isaac Sorkin

29727: The Unequal Consequences of Job Loss across Countries

Antoine Bertheau, Edoardo Maria Acabbi, Cristina Barceló, Andreas Gulyas, Stefano Lombardi and Raffaele Saggio

29726: Empirical Strategies in Economics: Illuminating the Path from Cause to Effect

Joshua Angrist

29725: The Transformation of Self Employment

Innessa Colaiacovo, Margaret G. Dalton, Sari Pekkala Kerr and William Kerr

29724: Quantum Economic Advantage

Francesco Bova, Avi Goldfarb and Roger G. Melko

29723: Machine-Learning the Skill of Mutual Fund Managers

Ron Kaniel, Zihan Lin, Markus Pelger and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

29722: The Missing Baby Bust: The Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Contraceptive Use, Pregnancy, and Childbirth among Low-Income Women

Martha Bailey, Lea J. Bart and Vanessa Wanner Lang

29721: Trademarks as Intellectual Property: Information Frictions, Firm Growth, and Competition

Laura Alfaro, Cathy Ge Bao, Maggie Chen, Junjie Hong and Claudia Steinwender

29720: Decentralization Through Tokenization

Michael Sockin and Wei Xiong

29719: Lethal Unemployment Bonuses? Substitution and Income Effects on Substance Abuse, 2020-21

Casey Mulligan

29718: The Value of Piped Water and Sewers: Evidence from 19th Century Chicago

Michael Coury, Toru Kitagawa, Allison Shertzer and Matthew Turner

29717: Management and Misallocation in Mexico

Nicholas Bloom, Leonardo Iacovone, Mariana Pereira-López and John van Reenen

29716: Minimax-Regret Climate Policy with Deep Uncertainty in Climate Modeling and Intergenerational Discounting

Stephen J. DeCanio, Charles Manski and Alan H. Sanstad

29715: Consumer Reviews and Regulation: Evidence from NYC Restaurants

Chiara Farronato and Georgios Zervas

29714: State-Level Economic Policy Uncertainty

Scott Baker, Steven Davis and Jeffrey A. Levy

29713: Economic Winners Versus Losers and the Unequal Pandemic Recession

Fernando Cirelli and Mark Gertler

29712: A Theory of Cash Flow-Based Financing with Distress Resolution

Barney Hartman-Glaser, Simon Mayer and Konstantin Milbradt

29711: Expectations Formation and Forward Information

Nathan Goldstein and Yuriy Gorodnichenko

29710: Making Money

Gary Gorton, Chase Ross and Sharon Y. Ross

29709: When is TSLS Actually LATE?

Christine Blandhol, John Bonney, Magne Mogstad and Alexander Torgovitsky

29708: Addressing Endogeneity Using a Two-stage Copula Generated Regressor Approach

Fan Yang, Yi Qian and Hui Xie

29707: A Goldilocks Theory of Fiscal Deficits

Atif Mian, Ludwig Straub and Amir Sufi

29706: Have Recreational Marijuana Laws Undermined Public Health Progress on Adult Tobacco Use?

Dhaval Dave, Yang Liang, Michael Pesko, Serena Phillips and Joseph J. Sabia

29705: Why Are Returns to Private Business Wealth So Dispersed?

Corina Boar, Denis Gorea and Virgiliu Midrigan

29704: Idiosyncratic Income Risk and Aggregate Fluctuations

Davide Debortoli and Jordi Galí

29703: Should We Have Automatic Triggers for Unemployment Benefit Duration And How Costly Would They Be?

Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, Peter Ganong and Jonathan Gruber

29702: Incentive-Compatible Critical Values

Adam McCloskey and Pascal Michaillat

29701: Does Quitting Smoking Increase Obesity? Evidence From Accounting for Misreporting

Rusty Tchernis, Keith Teltser and Arjun Teotia

29700: Ageing and Welfare-State Policy: Macroeconomic Perspective

Assaf Razin and Alexander Schwemmer

29699: Currency Undervaluation and Comparative Advantage

Paul Bergin

29698: Labor Market Fluidity and Human Capital Accumulation

Niklas Engbom

29697: Firm Pay Dynamics

Niklas Engbom, Christian Moser and Jan Sauermann

29696: Earnings Inequality and Dynamics in the Presence of Informality: The Case of Brazil

Niklas Engbom, Gustavo Gonzaga, Christian Moser and Roberta Olivieri

29695: The Social Consequences of Traditional Religion in Contemporary Africa

Etienne Le Rossignol, Sara Lowes and Nathan Nunn

29694: Education and Income Gradients in Longevity: The Role of Policy

Adriana Lleras-Muney

29693: The (Un)Importance of Inheritance

Sandra Black, Paul Devereux, Fanny Landaud and Kjell G Salvanes

29692: Civilian alternatives to policing: Evidence from Medellín’s community problem-solving intervention Operación Convivencia

Christopher Blattman, Gustavo Duncan, Benjamin Lessing and Santiago Tobon

29691: Two-Way Fixed Effects and Differences-in-Differences with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects: A Survey

Clément de Chaisemartin and Xavier D'Haultfoeuille

29690: When Do Informational Interventions Work? Experimental Evidence from New York City High School Choice

Sarah Cohodes, Sean Corcoran, Jennifer Jennings and Carolyn Sattin-Bajaj

29689: Long-Term Care Insurance Financing Using Home Equity Release: Evidence from an Online Experimental Survey

Katja Hanewald, Hazel Bateman, Hanming Fang and Tin Long Ho

29688: Understanding the Resurgence of the SOEs in China: Evidence from the Real Estate Sector

Hanming Fang, Jing Wu, Rongjie Zhang and Li-An Zhou

29687: Foreign Direct Investment under Uncertainty: Evidence from a Large Panel of Countries

Caroline Jardet, Cristina Jude and Menzie Chinn

29686: Eliciting People's First-Order Concerns: Text Analysis of Open-Ended Survey Questions

Beatrice Ferrario and Stefanie Stantcheva

29685: Firm-to-Firm Trade: Imports, Exports, and the Labor Market

Jonathan Eaton, Samuel Kortum and Francis Kramarz

29684: Two-Sided Search in International Markets

Jonathan Eaton, David Jinkins, James Tybout and Yi Xu

29683: Who Set Your Wage?

David Card

29682: Vaccine Allocation Priorities Using Disease Surveillance and Economic Data

Anup Malani, Satej Soman, Sabareesh Ramachandran, Alice Chen and Darius Lakdawalla

29681: Estimating Candidate Valence

Kei Kawai and Takeaki Sunada

29680: Liquidity, Liquidity Everywhere, Not a Drop to Use – Why Flooding Banks with Central Bank Reserves May Not Expand Liquidity

Viral Acharya and Raghuram Rajan

29679: Understanding the Ownership Structure of Corporate Bonds

Ralph Koijen and Motohiro Yogo

29678: Segregation and the Initial Provision of Water in the United States

Brian Beach, John Parman and Martin Saavedra

29677: The Second World War, Inequality and the Social Contract in Britain

Leander Heldring, James Robinson and Parker J. Whitfill

29676: Robots and Firm Investment

Efraim Benmelech and Michal Zator

29675: Slowing Women's Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality

Stefania Albanesi and María José Prados

29674: Designing Quality Certificates: Insights from eBay

Xiang Hui, Ginger Zhe Jin and Meng Liu

29673: Average Inflation Targeting: Time Inconsistency and Ambiguous Communication

Chengcheng Jia and Jing Cynthia Wu

29672: Trade Policy Uncertainty

Kyle Handley and Nuno Limão

29671: Understanding Rural Households’ Time Use in a Developing Setting: Validating a Low-Cost Time Use Module

Erica M. Field, Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone Schaner, Elena M. Stacy and Charity Moore

29670: Spillovers at the Extremes: The Macroprudential Stance and Vulnerability to the Global Financial Cycle

Anusha Chari, Karlye Dilts Stedman and Kristin Forbes

29669: The $800 Billion Paycheck Protection Program: Where Did the Money Go and Why Did it Go There?

David Autor, David Cho, Leland Crane, Mita Goldar, Byron Lutz, Joshua K. Montes, William Peterman, David D. Ratner, Daniel Villar Vallenas and Ahu Yildirmaz

29668: Public School Access or Stay-at-Home Partner: Factors Mitigating the Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Parents

Tatyana Deryugina, Olga Shurchkov and Jenna Stearns

29667: Political Constraints and Sovereign Default

Marina Azzimonti and Nirvana Mitra

29666: Land Security and Mobility Frictions

Tasso Adamopoulos, Loren Brandt, Chaoran Chen, Diego Restuccia and Xiaoyun Wei

29665: Occupational Licensing and the Healthcare Labor Market

Marcus Dillender, Anthony T. Lo Sasso, Brian J. Phelan and Michael R. Richards

29664: A Simple Mapping from MPCs to MPXs

David Laibson, Peter Maxted and Benjamin Moll

29663: The Agglomeration of Urban Amenities: Evidence from Milan Restaurants

Marco Leonardi and Enrico Moretti