NBER Working Papers

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20541: Belt and Suspenders and More: The Incremental Impact of Energy Efficiency Subsidies in the Presence of Existing Policy Instruments

Sébastien Houde and Joseph Aldy

20540: Robust Benchmark Design

Darrell Duffie and Piotr Dworczak

20539: Early Life Environment and Racial Inequality in Education and Earnings in the United States

Kenneth Chay, Jonathan Guryan and Bhashkar Mazumder

20538: Competitive Pressure and the Decline of the Rust Belt: A Macroeconomic Analysis

Simeon Alder, David Lagakos and Lee Ohanian

20537: The Effect of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Use on Crime: Evidence from Public Insurance Expansions and Health Insurance Parity Mandates

Hefei Wen, Jason Hockenberry and Janet R. Cummings

20536: Regulation and Housing Supply

Joseph Gyourko and Raven Molloy

20535: Causal Inference in Urban and Regional Economics

Nathaniel Baum-Snow and Fernando Ferreira

20534: Estimating the Value Added of Attending Physicians on Patient Outcomes

Jason Fletcher, Leora I. Horwitz and Elizabeth Bradley

20533: Procyclical and Countercyclical Fiscal Multipliers: Evidence from OECD Countries

Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

20532: Generic Competition and the Incentives for Early-Stage Pharmaceutical Innovation

Lee Branstetter, Chirantan Chatterjee and Matthew Higgins

20531: Cashier or Consultant? Entry Labor Market Conditions, Field of Study, and Career Success

Joseph Altonji, Lisa Kahn and Jamin Speer

20530: In Praise of Frank Ramsey's Contribution to the Theory of Taxation

Joseph Stiglitz

20529: The Impatient Salesperson and the Delegation of Pricing Authority

Edward Lazear

20528: The Value of Postsecondary Credentials in the Labor Market: An Experimental Study

David Deming, Noam Yuchtman, Amira Abulafi, Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz

20527: Precautionary Saving of Chinese and U.S. Households

Horag Choi, Steven Lugauer and Nelson Mark

20526: International Financial Integration and Crisis Contagion

Michael Devereux and Changhua Yu

20525: Why is Infant Mortality Higher in the US than in Europe?

Alice Chen, Emily Oster and Heidi Williams

20524: Non-Legal-Tender Paper Money: The Structure and Performance of Maryland's Bills of Credit, 1767-1775

Jim Celia and Farley Grubb

20523: The Bidder Exclusion Effect

Dominic Coey, Bradley Larsen and Kane Sweeney

20522: Remittance Responses to Temporary Discounts: A Field Experiment among Central American Migrants

Kate Ambler, Diego Aycinena and Dean Yang

20521: Immigration, International Collaboration, and Innovation: Science and Technology Policy in the Global Economy

Richard Freeman

20520: Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection

Will Dobbie and Jae Song

20519: Incumbency Advantage in Non-Democracies

Georgy Egorov and Konstantin Sonin

20518: Monetary Policy Effectiveness in China: Evidence from a FAVAR Model

John Fernald, Mark Spiegel and Eric Swanson

20517: Reconstructing Macroeconomic Theory to Manage Economic Policy

Joseph Stiglitz

20516: Strategic Trading in Informationally Complex Environments

Nicolas Lambert, Michael Ostrovsky and Mikhail Panov

20515: Risk Corridors and Reinsurance in Health Insurance Marketplaces: Insurance for Insurers

Timothy Layton, Thomas G. McGuire and Anna D. Sinaiko

20514: Appropriability Mechanisms, Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from the UK

Bronwyn Hall and Vania Sena

20513: On the Ethnic Origins of African Development Chiefs and Pre-colonial Political Centralization

Stelios Michalopoulos and Elias Papaioannou

20512: Permission to Exist

Martin Byford and Joshua Gans

20511: The Impact of No Child Left Behind's Accountability Sanctions on School Performance: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from North Carolina

Tom Ahn and Jacob Vigdor

20510: Real Exchange Rates and Sectoral Productivity in the Eurozone

Martin Berka, Michael Devereux and Charles Engel

20509: Misclassification in Binary Choice Models

Bruce Meyer and Nikolas Mittag

20508: Dutch Disease or Agglomeration? The Local Economic Effects of Natural Resource Booms in Modern America

Hunt Allcott and Daniel Keniston

20507: The Federal Reserve's Abandonment of its 1923 Principles

Julio Rotemberg

20506: Demographics and Entrepreneurship

James Liang, Hui Wang and Edward Lazear

20505: Finishing Degrees and Finding Jobs: U.S. Higher Education and the Flow of Foreign IT Workers

John Bound, Murat Demirci, Gaurav Khanna and Sarah Turner

20504: Public Goods and Ethnic Diversity: Evidence from Deforestation in Indonesia

Alberto Alesina, Caterina Gennaioli and Stefania Lovo

20503: Cities and the Environment

Matthew Kahn and Randall Walsh

20502: Growth, Trade, and Inequality

Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman

20501: The Great Mortgaging: Housing Finance, Crises, and Business Cycles

Oscar Jorda, Moritz Schularick and Alan Taylor

20500: The Economics of Attribute-Based Regulation: Theory and Evidence from Fuel-Economy Standards

Koichiro Ito and James Sallee

20499: Should Hospitals Keep Their Patients Longer? The Role of Inpatient Care in Reducing Post-Discharge Mortality

Ann P. Bartel, Carri W. Chan and Song-Hee (Hailey) Kim

20498: International Trade and Intertemporal Substitution

Fernando Leibovici and Michael Waugh

20497: Why Do People Give? Testing Pure and Impure Altruism

Mark Wilhelm, Lise Vesterlund and Huan Xie

20496: Household Debt: Facts, Puzzles, Theories, and Policies

Jonathan Zinman

20495: Trade Models, Trade Elasticities, and the Gains from Trade

Ina Simonovska and Michael Waugh

20494: The Bond Market: An Inflation-Targeter's Best Friend

Andrew Rose

20493: Leaders and Followers: Perspectives on the Nordic Model and the Economics of Innovation

Joseph Stiglitz

20492: Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs

Iain Cockburn, Jean Lanjouw and Mark Schankerman

20491: Fertility and Financial Development: Evidence from U.S. Counties in the 19th Century

Alberto Basso, Howard Bodenhorn and David Cuberes

20490: Banks, Liquidity Management and Monetary Policy

Javier Bianchi and Saki Bigio

20489: Taxation and Top Incomes in Canada

Kevin Milligan and Michael Smart

20488: Fixed Costs and the Product Market Treatment of Preference Minorities

Steven Berry, Alon Eizenberg and Joel Waldfogel

20487: Are Dynamic Vickrey Auctions Practical?: Properties of the Combinatorial Clock Auction

Jonathan Levin and Andrzej Skrzypacz

20486: Measuring the Effect of the Zero Lower Bound on Medium- and Longer-Term Interest Rates

Eric Swanson and John Williams

20485: Polanyi's Paradox and the Shape of Employment Growth

David Autor

20484: The Role of Dynamic Renegotiation and Asymmetric Information in Financial Contracting

Michael Roberts

20483: Self-regulation and Health

Henry Saffer

20482: Deal with the Devil: The Successes and Limitations of Bureaucratic Reform in India

Iqbal Dhaliwal and Rema Hanna

20481: Contractual Freedom and the Evolution of Corporate Control in Britain, 1862 to 1929

Timothy Guinnane, Ron Harris and Naomi R. Lamoreaux

20480: Asset Management Contracts and Equilibrium Prices

Andrea M. Buffa, Dimitri Vayanos and Paul Woolley

20479: Labor Market Fluidity and Economic Performance

Steven Davis and John Haltiwanger

20478: Do Star Performers Produce More Stars? Peer Effects and Learning in Elite Teams

Casey Ichniowski and Anne Preston

20477: How Much do Existing Borrowers Value Microfinance? Evidence from an Experiment on Bundling Microcredit and Insurance

Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Richard Hornbeck

20476: Strategic News Releases in Equity Vesting Months

Alex Edmans, Luis Goncalves-Pinto, Yanbo Wang and Moqi Groen-Xu

20475: Constitutional Rights and Education: An International Comparative Study

Sebastian Edwards and Alvaro Garcia-Marin

20474: The Biocultural Origins of Human Capital Formation

Oded Galor and Marc Klemp

20473: Slow to Hire, Quick to Fire: Employment Dynamics with Asymmetric Responses to News

Cosmin Ilut, Matthias Kehrig and Martin Schneider

20472: Sorting Between and Within Industries: A Testable Model of Assortative Matching

John Abowd, Francis Kramarz, Sebastien Perez-Duarte and Ian Schmutte

20471: Temporary Shocks and Persistent Effects in the Urban System: Evidence from British Cities after the U.S. Civil War

W Hanlon

20470: Do Larger Health Insurance Subsidies Benefit Patients or Producers? Evidence from Medicare Advantage

Marika Cabral, Michael Geruso and Neale Mahoney

20469: Poor Quality Drugs and Global Trade: A Pilot Study

Roger Bate, Ginger Zhe Jin, Aparna Mathur and Amir Attaran

20468: Incentive Pay and Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from Austrian, German, and Swiss Banks

Matthias Efing, Harald Hau, Patrick Kampkötter and Johannes Steinbrecher

20467: Creative Destruction: Barriers to Urban Growth and the Great Boston Fire of 1872

Richard Hornbeck and Daniel Keniston

20466: Conservation Policies: Who Responds to Price and Who Responds to Prescription?

Casey Wichman, Laura Taylor and Roger von Haefen

20465: Subsidies and the Persistence of Technology Adoption: Field Experimental Evidence from Mozambique

Michael Carter, Rachid Laajaj and Dean Yang

20464: Do Required Minimum Distributions Matter? The Effect of the 2009 Holiday On Retirement Plan Distributions

Jeffrey Brown, James Poterba and David Richardson

20463: Violence and the Formation of Hopelessness and Pessimistic Prospects of Upward Mobility in Colombia

Andres Moya and Michael Carter

20462: Controlling Health Care Costs Through Limited Network Insurance Plans: Evidence from Massachusetts State Employees

Jonathan Gruber and Robin McKnight

20461: Storable Votes and Judicial Nominations in the U.S. Senate

Alessandra Casella, Sébastien Turban and Gregory J. Wawro

20460: The Welfare Effects of Fuel Conservation Policies in a Dual-Fuel Car Market: Evidence from India

Randy Chugh and Maureen Cropper

20459: Counterparty Risk and the Establishment of the New York Stock Exchange Clearinghouse

Asaf Bernstein, Eric Hughson and Marc Weidenmier

20458: Tax Morale

Erzo Luttmer and Monica Singhal

20457: The Price of Experience

Hyeok Jeong, Yong Kim and Iourii Manovskii

20456: The Informativeness Principle Under Limited Liability

Pierre Chaigneau, Alex Edmans and Daniel Gottlieb

20455: Export Markets and Labor Allocation in a Low-income Country

Brian McCaig and Nina Pavcnik

20454: The Revived Bretton Woods System's First Decade

Michael Dooley, David Folkerts-Landau and Peter Garber

20453: Does Gifted Education Work? For Which Students?

David Card and Laura Giuliano

20452: Micro Data and Macro Technology

Ezra Oberfield and Devesh Raval

20451: Turnout Across Democracies

Helios Herrera, Massimo Morelli and Salvatore Nunnari

20450: Migration and Welfare State: Why is America Different from Europe?

Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka

20449: Long Workweeks and Strange Hours

Daniel Hamermesh and Elena Stancanelli

20448: The Effects of Mortality on Fertility: Population Dynamics after a Natural Disaster

Jenna Nobles, Elizabeth Frankenberg and Duncan Thomas

20447: It's Where You Work: Increases in Earnings Dispersion across Establishments and Individuals in the U.S

Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, James Davis and Richard Freeman

20446: Preserving History or Hindering Growth? The Heterogeneous Effects of Historic Districts on Local Housing Markets in New York City

Vicki Been, Ingrid Gould Ellen, Michael Gedal, Edward Glaeser and Brian J. McCabe

20445: Understanding Uncertainty Shocks and the Role of Black Swans

Anna Orlik and Laura Veldkamp

20444: Is the 'Quarter of Birth' Endogenous? Evidence From One Million Siblings in Taiwan

Elliott Fan, Jin-Tan Liu and Yen-Chien Chen

20443: The Impact of Family Composition on Educational Achievement

Stacey H. Chen, Yen-Chien Chen and Jin-Tan Liu

20442: Aggregate External Financing and Savings Waves

Andrea Eisfeldt and Tyler Muir