NBER Working Papers

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30236: When Is Discrimination Unfair?

Peter Kuhn and Trevor T. Osaki

30235: Data and Welfare in Credit Markets

Mark Jansen, Fabian Nagel, Constantine Yannelis and Anthony Lee Zhang

30234: Common Fund Flows: Flow Hedging and Factor Pricing

Winston Dou, Leonid Kogan and Wei Wu

30233: Combating Cross-Border Externalities

Shiyi Chen, Joshua Graff Zivin, Huanhuan Wang and Jiaxin Xiong

30232: Attrition from Administrative Data: Problems and Solutions with an Application to Postsecondary Education

Andrew Foote and Kevin Stange

30231: The Value of Pharmacy Benefit Management

Casey Mulligan

30230: Acquisitions, Management, and Efficiency in Rwanda's Coffee Industry

Rocco Macchiavello and Ameet Morjaria

30229: Real-Time Inequality

Thomas Blanchet, Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman

30228: Producing Health: Measuring Value Added of Nursing Homes

Liran Einav, Amy Finkelstein and Neale Mahoney

30227: STEM Summer Programs for Underrepresented Youth Increase STEM Degrees

Sarah Cohodes, Helen Ho and Silvia C. Robles

30226: Restoring Confidence in Troubled Financial Institutions After a Financial Crisis

Charles Calomiris and Mark Carlson

30225: Trade Policy and Global Sourcing: An Efficiency Rationale for Tariff Escalation

Pol Antras, Teresa Fort, Agustín Gutiérrez and Felix Tintelnot

30224: Training, Communications Patterns, and Spillovers Inside Organizations

Miguel Espinosa and Christopher T. Stanton

30223: Foundation of the Small Open Economy Model with Product Differentiation

Lorenzo Caliendo and Robert Feenstra

30222: Intermediary Balance Sheets and the Treasury Yield Curve

Wenxin Du, Benjamin Hebert and Wenhao Li

30221: The Shadow of the Neolithic Revolution on Life Expectancy: A Double-Edged Sword

Raphael Franck, Oded Galor, Omer Moav and Ömer Özak

30220: Pareto Improvements in the Contest for College Admissions

Kala Krishna, Sergey Lychagin, Wojciech Olszewski, Ron Siegel and Chloe Tergiman

30219: Screening Adaptive Cartels

Juan Ortner, Sylvain Chassang, Kei Kawai and Jun Nakabayashi

30218: Using Divide-and-Conquer to Improve Tax Collection

Samuel Kapon, Lucia Del Carpio and Sylvain Chassang

30217: The Virtue of Complexity in Return Prediction

Bryan T. Kelly, Semyon Malamud and Kangying Zhou

30216: Information Spillovers and Sovereign Debt: Theory Meets the Eurozone Crisis

Harold Cole, Daniel Neuhann and Guillermo Ordonez

30215: The Privacy Elasticity of Behavior: Conceptualization and Application

Inbal Dekel, Rachel Cummings, Ori Heffetz and Katrina Ligett

30214: Polarization and Public Policy: Political Adverse Selection under Obamacare

Leonardo Bursztyn, Jonathan Kolstad, Aakaash Rao, Pietro Tebaldi and Noam Yuchtman

30213: Can Fiscal Externalities Be Internalized?

Erzo Luttmer

30212: Are Effective Teachers for Students with Disabilities Effective Teachers for All?

W. Jesse Wood, Ijun Lai, Neil R. Filosa, Scott Imberman, Nathan D. Jones and Katharine O. Strunk

30211: u* = √uv

Pascal Michaillat and Emmanuel Saez

30210: Fed Implied Market Prices and Risk Premia

Charles Calomiris, Joanna Harris, Harry Mamaysky and Cristina Tessari

30209: Officer-Involved: The Media Language of Police Killings

Jonathan Moreno-Medina, Aurelie Ouss, Patrick Bayer and Bocar A. Ba

30208: Waivers for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program: Who Would Benefit from Takeup?

Diego A. Briones, Nathaniel Ruby and Sarah Turner

30207: Local Projections vs. VARs: Lessons From Thousands of DGPs

Dake Li, Mikkel Plagborg-Moller and Christian Wolf

30206: How Did Federal Aid to States and Localities Affect Testing and Vaccine Delivery?

Jeffrey Clemens, Philip G. Hoxie, John Kearns and Stan Veuger

30205: The Quality of Financial Advice: What Influences Client Recommendations?

Philippe d'Astous, Irina Gemmo and Pierre-Carl Michaud

30204: Persecution and Migrant Self-Selection: Evidence from the Collapse of the Communist Bloc

Ran Abramitzky, Travis Baseler and Isabelle Sin

30203: Shareholder Power and the Decline of Labor

Antonio Falato, Hyunseob Kim and Till von Wachter

30202: Economic vs. Epidemiological Approaches to Measuring the Human Capital Impacts of Infectious Disease Elimination

Caroline Chuard, Hannes Schwandt, Alexander D. Becker and Masahiko Haraguchi

30201: Effects of Restrictive Abortion Legislation on Cohort Mortality Evidence from 19th Century Law Variation

Joanna Lahey and Marianne Wanamaker

30200: Dependent Coverage and Parental "Job Lock": Evidence from the Affordable Care Act

Hannah Bae, Katherine Meckel and Maggie Shi

30199: Optimal Income Taxation

Louis Kaplow

30198: Decomposing Trends in U.S. Air Pollution Disparities from Electricity

Danae Hernandez-Cortes, Kyle Meng and Paige E. Weber

30197: The Shift to Remote Work Lessens Wage-Growth Pressures

Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven Davis, Brent Meyer and Emil Mihaylov

30196: Is GDP Becoming Obsolete? The “Beyond GDP” Debate

Charles R. Hulten and Leonard Nakamura

30195: Crash Narratives

William Goetzmann, Dasol Kim and Robert Shiller

30194: An Evaluation of a National Program to Reduce Student Absenteeism in High School

Michael Baker, Nina Drange and Hege Marie Gjefsen

30193: Price Setting with Strategic Complementarities as a Mean Field Game

Fernando E. Alvarez, Francesco Lippi and Takis Souganidis

30192: Expanding Capacity for Vaccines Against Covid-19 and Future Pandemics: A Review of Economic Issues

Susan Athey, Juan Castillo, Esha Chaudhuri, Michael Kremer, Alexandre Simoes Gomes and Christopher Snyder

30191: On the Role of Learning, Human Capital, and Performance Incentives for Wages

Braz Camargo, Fabian Lange and Elena Pastorino

30190: Why Does Right-to-Carry Cause Violent Crime to Increase?

John Donohue, Samuel V. Cai, Matthew V. Bondy and Philip J Cook

30189: Mechanism Design Approaches to Blockchain Consensus

Joshua Gans and Richard Holden

30188: Globalization, Trade Imbalances and Inequality

Rafael Dix-Carneiro and Sharon Traiberman

30187: Aggregate Lapsation Risk

Ralph Koijen, Hae Kang Lee and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

30186: The Effect of Labor Market Liberalization on Political Behavior and Free Market Norms

Ran Abramitzky, Netanel Ben-Porath, Shahar Lahad, Victor Lavy and Michal Palgi

30185: Excess Savings and Twin Deficits: The Transmission of Fiscal Stimulus in Open Economies

Rishabh Aggarwal, Adrien Auclert, Matthew Rognlie and Ludwig Straub

30184: Labor Supply and the Pension-Contribution Link

Eric French, Attila S. Lindner, Cormac O'Dea and Tom A. Zawisza

30183: The Political Polarization of Corporate America

Vyacheslav Fos, Elisabeth Kempf and Margarita Tsoutsoura

30182: Politics At Work

Emanuele Colonnelli, Valdemar Pinho Neto and Edoardo Teso

30181: Uncharted Waters: Effects of Maritime Emission Regulation

Jamie Hansen-Lewis and Michelle M. Marcus

30180: Industrial Robots, Workers' Safety, and Health

Rania Gihleb, Osea Giuntella, Luca Stella and Tianyi Wang

30179: Failing Just Fine: Assessing Careers of Venture Capital-backed Entrepreneurs Via a Non-Wage Measure

Natee Amornsiripanitch, Paul Gompers, George Hu, Will Levinson and Vladimir Mukharlyamov

30178: Labor Market Effects of Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs: Lessons from Colombia

Maria Marta Ferreyra, Camila Galindo and Sergio S. Urzúa

30177: Prediction Machines, Insurance, and Protection: An Alternative Perspective on AI's Role in Production

Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans and Avi Goldfarb

30176: The Geography of Child Penalties and Gender Norms: A Pseudo-Event Study Approach

Henrik Kleven

30175: Determinants of Health Insurance Enrollment and Health Expenditure in Ghana: An Empirical Analysis

Kwame Adjei-Mantey and Charles Horioka

30174: The Quality of Lower-Track Education: Evidence from Britain

Damon Clark

30173: A Shot at Economic Prosperity: Long-term Effects of India’s Childhood Immunization Program on Earnings and Consumption Expenditure

Amit Summan, Arindam Nandi and David Bloom

30172: Preparing for the (Non-Existent?) Future of Work

Anton Korinek and Megan Juelfs

30171: Age and the labor market for Hispanics in the United States

Joanna Lahey and Roberto Mosquera

30170: Machine Learning Can Predict Shooting Victimization Well Enough to Help Prevent It

Sara B. Heller, Benjamin Jakubowski, Zubin Jelveh and Max Kapustin

30169: Getting to the Core: Inflation Risks Within and Across Asset Classes

Xiang Fang, Yang Liu and Nikolai Roussanov

30168: Was Pandemic Fiscal Relief Effective Fiscal Stimulus? Evidence from Aid to State and Local Governments

Jeffrey Clemens, Philip G. Hoxie and Stan Veuger

30167: Surveillance of Repression: Theory and Implementation

Veli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr and Jesse Shapiro

30166: Fighting Communism Supporting Collusion

Sebastian Galiani, Jose Manuel Paz y Miño and Gustavo Torrens

30165: The Fertility Consequences of Air Pollution in China

Xuwen Gao, Ran Song and Christopher Timmins

30164: Public Pension Reforms and Retirement Decisions: Narrative Evidence and Aggregate Implications

Huixin Bi and Sarah Zubairy

30163: The Size and Census Coverage of the U.S. Homeless Population

Bruce Meyer, Angela Wyse and Kevin Corinth

30162: The Costs of Job Displacement over the Business Cycle and Its Sources: Evidence from Germany

Johannes Schmieder, Till von Wachter and Jörg Heining

30161: Investing with the Government: A Field Experiment in China

Emanuele Colonnelli, Bo Li and Ernest Liu

30160: The Big Tech Lending Model

Lei Liu, Guangli Lu and Wei Xiong

30159: Is Our Fiscal System Discouraging Marriage? A New Look at the Marriage Tax

Elias Ilin, Laurence Kotlikoff and Melinda Pitts

30158: Heterogeneous Returns to Active Labour Market Programs for Indigenous Populations

Donna Feir, Kelly Foley and Maggie Jones

30157: Moral Universalism: Global Evidence

Alexander Cappelen, Benjamin Enke and Bertil Tungodden

30156: Estimating the Effect of Easements on Agricultural Production

Nicole Karwowski

30155: NIH Grant Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genomics Research

Wei Fu, Shin-Yi Chou and Li-San Wang

30154: Inefficient Automation

Martin Beraja and Nathan Zorzi

30153: Climate Change and Downstream Water Quality in Agricultural Production: The Case of Nutrient Runoff to the Gulf of Mexico

Levan Elbakidze, Yuelu Xu, Philip Gassman, Jeffrey G. Arnold and Haw Yen

30152: Unemployment Insurance, Starting Salaries, and Jobs

Gordon Dahl and Matthew Knepper

30151: Tax Knowledge and Tax Manipulation: A Unifying Model

Ashley Craig and Joel Slemrod

30150: Strategic Investment under Uncertainty with First- and Second-mover Advantages

Min Dai, Zhaoli Jiang and Neng Wang

30149: Four Facts about Human Capital

David Deming

30148: Take-up of Social Benefits

Wonsik Ko and Robert Moffitt

30147: The Returns to Face-to-Face Interactions: Knowledge Spillovers in Silicon Valley

David Atkin, M. Keith Chen and Anton Popov

30146: Estimating Discrete Games with Many Firms and Many Decisions: An Application to Merger and Product Variety

Ying Fan and Chenyu Yang

30145: Intangible Marketing Capital

Bart Bronnenberg, Jean-Pierre H. Dubé and Chad Syverson

30144: Bottlenecks for Evidence Adoption

Stefano DellaVigna, Woojin Kim and Elizabeth Linos

30143: Growing Apart: Declining Within- and Across-Locality Insurance in Rural China

Orazio Attanasio, Costas Meghir, Corina Mommaerts and Yu Zheng

30142: Policy Diffusion and Polarization across U.S. States

Stefano DellaVigna and Woojin Kim

30141: Health Care Centralization: The Health Impacts of Obstetric Unit Closures in the US

Stefanie Fischer, Heather Royer and Corey White

30140: An Equilibrium Model of the Impact of Increased Public Investment in Early Childhood Education

Jonathan Borowsky, Jessica H. Brown, Elizabeth Davis, Chloe Gibbs, Chris M. Herbst, Aaron Sojourner, Erdal Tekin and Matthew Wiswall

30139: Vaccination Policy, Delayed Care, and Health Expenditures

Erkmen Aslim, Wei Fu, Chia-Lun Liu and Erdal Tekin

30138: Targeting Impact versus Deprivation

Johannes Haushofer, Paul Niehaus, Carlos Paramo, Edward Miguel and Michael Walker

30137: Adapting to Flood Risk: Evidence from a Panel of Global Cities

Sahil Gandhi, Matthew Kahn, Rajat Kochhar, Somik Lall and Vaidehi Tandel