NBER Working Papers

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8739: Interpreting the Tariff-Growth Correlation of the Late Nineteenth Century

Douglas Irwin

8738: Default, Currency Crises and Sovereign Credit Ratings

Carmen Reinhart

8737: Existence and Persistence of Price Dispersion: an Empirical Analysis

Saul Lach

8736: Time Series Decomposition and Measurement of Business Cycles, Trends and Growth Cycles

Victor Zarnowitz and Ataman Ozyildirim

8735: Retirement Consumption: Insights from a Survey

John Ameriks, Andrew Caplin and John Leahy

8734: The Disposition Effect and Momentum

Mark Grinblatt and Bing Han

8733: Constitution or Conflict?

Herschel Grossman

8732: Controlling the Cost of Minimum Benefit Guarantees in Public Pension Conversions

Kent Smetters

8731: Guaranteeing Defined Contribution Pensions: The Option to Buy-Back a Defined Benefit Promise

Marie-Eve Lachance and Olivia Mitchell

8730: Economic Effects of Means-Tested Transfers in the U.S

Robert Moffitt

8729: Do Industrial Relations Institutions Impact Economic Outcomes?: International and U.S. State-Level Evidence

Morris M. Kleiner and Hwikwon Ham

8728: Outsourcing in a Global Economy

Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman

8727: Make Versus Buy in Trucking: Asset Ownership, Job Design and Information

George P. Baker and Thomas N. Hubbard

8726: Is the Technology-Driven Real Business Cycle Hypothesis Dead?

Neville Francis and Valerie Ramey

8725: The Responsiveness of Consumer Prices to Exchange Rates And the Implications for Exchange-Rate Policy: A Survey Of a Few Recent New Open-Economy

Charles Engel

8724: Does Inward Foreign Direct Investment Boost the Productivity of Domestic Firms?

Jonathan Haskel, Sonia C. Pereira and Matthew J. Slaughter

8723: Suggested Subsidies are Sub-optimal Unless Combined with an Output Tax

Don Fullerton and Robert D. Mohr

8722: Measuring Organization Capital

Andrew Atkeson and Patrick Kehoe

8721: Optimal Interest Rate Policy in a Small Open Economy

Eric Parrado and Andres Velasco

8720: Voter Turnout: Theory and Evidence from Texas Liquor Referenda

Stephen Coate and Michael Conlin

8719: Do We Need CAPM for Capital Budgeting?

Ravi Jagannathan and Iwan Meier

8718: Social Security Expectations and Retirement Savings Decisions

Jeff Dominitz, Charles Manski and Jordan Heinz

8717: Charles Goodhart's Contributions to the History of Monetary Institutions

Michael Bordo and Anna Schwartz

8716: Crises Now and Then: What Lessons from the Last Era of Financial Globalization

Barry Eichengreen and Michael Bordo

8715: A Reconsideration of Hedonic Price Indices with an Application to PC's

Ariel Pakes

8714: The Wealth of Nations: Fundamental Forces Versus Poverty Traps

David Bloom, David Canning and J.P. Sevilla

8713: Technological Diffusion, Conditional Convergence, and Economic Growth

David Bloom, David Canning and J.P. Sevilla

8712: The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Trade

David Hummels and Pete Klenow

8711: Private Benefits of Control: An International Comparison

Isaac Dyck and Luigi Zingales

8710: The Medium Run Effects of Educational Expansion: Evidence from a Large School Construction Program in Indonesia

Esther Duflo

8709: Do Low-Income Housing Subsidies Increase Housing Consumption?

Todd Sinai and Joel Waldfogel

8708: Entrepreneurship in International Trade

James Rauch and Joel Watson

8707: How Migration Restrictions Limit Agglomeration and Productivity in China

Chun-Chung Au and J. Vernon Henderson

8706: Disinflation and Fiscal Reform: A Neoclassical Perspective

Roberto Rigobon

8705: When Do Firms Shift Production Across States to Avoid Environmental Regulation?

Wayne Gray and Ron Shadbegian

8704: International Protection of Intellectual Property

Gene Grossman and Edwin Lai

8703: Optimal Defaults for Corporate Law Evolution

Lucian Bebchuk and Assaf Hamdani

8702: Are There Differential Effects of Price and Policy on College Students' Drinking Intensity?

Jenny Williams, Frank Chaloupka and Henry Wechsler

8701: Network Effects, Congestion Externalities, and Air Traffic Delays: Or Why All Delays Are Not Evil

Christopher Mayer and Todd Sinai

8700: Asset Prices in the Measurement of Inflation

Michael F. Bryan, Stephen Cecchetti and Roisin O'Sullivan

8699: Mental Illness and the Demand for Alcohol, Cocaine and Cigarettes

Henry Saffer and Dhaval Dave

8698: Dividend Policy inside the Firm

Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James Hines

8697: Is More Information Better? The Effects of 'Report Cards' on Health Care Providers

David Dranove, Daniel Kessler, Mark McClellan and Mark Satterthwaite

8696: Cities and Warfare: The Impact of Terrorism on Urban Form

Edward Glaeser and Jesse Shapiro

8695: The Epidemiology of Macroeconomic Expectations

Christopher Carroll

8694: Throwing Good Money After Bad? Board Connections and Conflicts in Bank Lending

Randall S. Kroszner and Philip E. Strahan

8693: Political Competition with Campaign Contributions and Informative Advertising

Stephen Coate

8692: The Welfare Cost of Autarky: Evidence from the Jeffersonian Trade Embargo, 1807-1809

Douglas Irwin

8691: The Impact of Tobacco Control Program Expenditures on Aggregate Cigarette Sales: 1981-1998

Matthew C. Farrelly, Terry F. Pechacek and Frank Chaloupka

8690: A Note on Inflation Persistence

Steinar Holden and John Driscoll

8689: The Optimal Tax on Antebellum U.S. Cotton Exports

Douglas Irwin

8688: Moral Rules and the Moral Sentiments: Toward a Theory of an Optimal Moral System

Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell

8687: Household Electricity Demand, Revisited

Peter C. Reiss and Matthew W. White

8686: Equity Portfolio Diversification

William Goetzmann and Alok Kumar

8685: Economic Growth and the Demographic Transition

David Bloom, David Canning and J.P. Sevilla

8684: Monetary Policy, Interest Rate Rules, and Inflation Targeting: Some Basic Equivalences

Carlos Vegh

8683: Model Uncertainty and Liquidity

Bryan Routledge and Stanley Zin

8682: An Evaluation of Multi-Factor CIR Models Using LIBOR, Swap Rates, and Cap and Swaption Prices

Ravi Jagannathan, Andrew Kaplin and Steve Guoqiang Sun

8681: The Advantage of Transparent Instruments of Monetary Policy

Andrew Atkeson and Patrick Kehoe

8680: Corporate Governance and the Home Bias

Lee Pinkowitz, René Stulz and Rohan Williamson

8679: Competition and Intervention in Sovereign Debt Markets

Bernhard Paasche and Stanley Zin

8678: Expectations of Equity Risk Premia, Volatility and Asymmetry from a Corporate Finance Perspective

John R. Graham and Campbell Harvey

8677: The Effect of New Drugs on Mortality from Rare Diseases and HIV

Frank Lichtenberg

8676: The Transition to a New Economy After the Second Industrial Revolution

Andrew Atkeson and Patrick Kehoe

8675: Specialization and the Volume of Trade: Do the Data Obey the Laws?

James Harrigan

8674: Monetary Policy in the Information Economy

Michael Woodford

8673: Imperfect Common Knowledge and the Effects of Monetary Policy

Michael Woodford

8672: Consumer Response to Tax Rebates

Matthew Shapiro and Joel Slemrod

8671: Dollarization, Inflation and Growth

Sebastian Edwards and I. Igal Magendzo

8670: The Supplemental Security Income Program and Incentives to Take Up Social Security Early Retirement: Empirical Evidence from Matched SIPP and Social

Elizabeth Powers and David Neumark

8669: Risk Taking, Limited Liability and the Competition of Bank Regulators

Hans-Werner Sinn

8668: Consumer Information and Price Discrimination: Does the Internet Affect the Pricing of New Cars to Women and Minorities?

Fiona Scott Morton, Florian Zettelmeyer and Jorge Silva-Risso

8667: Cowboys or Cowards: Why are Internet Car Prices Lower?

Florian Zettelmeyer, Fiona Scott Morton and Jorge Silva-Risso

8666: Risk, Mispricing, and Asset Allocation: Conditioning on Dividend Yield

Jay Shanken and Ane Tamayo

8665: Foreign Direct Investment and the Operations of Multinational Firms: Concepts, History, and Data

Robert Lipsey

8664: Selection and Oversight in the Public Sector, With the Los Angeles Police Department as an Example

Canice Prendergast

8663: Attrition Bias in Economic Relationships Estimated with Matched CPS Files

David Neumark and Daiji Kawaguchi

8662: Puzzles Over International Taxation of Cross Border Flows of Capital Income

John Whalley

8661: Executive Compensation in America: Optimal Contracting or Extraction of Rents?

Lucian Bebchuk, Jesse M. Fried and David I. Walker

8660: Protective or Counter-Productive? European Labor Market Institutions and the Effect of Immigrants on EU Natives

Joshua Angrist and Adriana Kugler

8659: Why International Equity Inflows to Emerging Markets are Inefficient and Small Relative to International Debt Flows

Assaf Razin, Efraim Sadka and Chi-Wa Yuen

8658: The Retirement Incentive Effects of Canada's Income Security Programs

Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber and Kevin Milligan

8657: Taxes and Health Insurance

Jonathan Gruber

8656: Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights

Jean Lanjouw and Mark Schankerman

8655: Defined Contribution Pensions: Plan Rules, Participant Decisions, and the Path of Least Resistance

James Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte Madrian and Andrew Metrick

8654: The Mysterious Growing Value of S&P 500 Membership

Randall Morck and Fan Yang

8653: Copycat Funds: Information Disclosure Regulation and the Returns to Active Management in the Mutual Fund Industry

Mary Margaret Myers, James Poterba and Douglas Shackelford

8652: The Optimal Concentration of Creditors

Arturo Bris and Ivo Welch

8651: For Better or For Worse: Default Effects and 401(k) Savings Behavior

James Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte Madrian and Andrew Metrick

8650: The Rise of the Regulatory State

Edward Glaeser and Andrei Shleifer

8649: On the Invariance of the Rate of Return to Convex Adjustment Costs

Andrew Abel

8648: Airbus versus Boeing Revisited: International Competition in the Aircraft Market

Douglas Irwin and Nina Pavcnik

8647: What Does the European Union Do?

Alberto Alesina, Ignazio Angeloni and Ludger Schuknecht

8646: Institutional Rules for Federations

Alberto Alesina, Ignazio Angeloni and Federico Etro

8645: The Political Economy of International Unions

Alberto Alesina, Ignazio Angeloni and Federico Etro

8644: To Be or Not To Be Innovative: An Exercise in Measurement

Jacques Mairesse and Pierre Mohnen

8643: Downside Risk and the Momentum Effect

Andrew Ang, Joseph Chen and Yuhang Xing

8642: Efficiency in Marriage

Shelly Lundberg and Robert Pollak

8641: The Modigliani and Miller Theorem and Market Efficiency

Sheridan Titman

8640: Labor Market Effects of Population Aging

Axel Boersch-Supan