NBER Working Papers

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9160: A Brazilian Debt-Crisis

Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka

9159: What Fundamentals Drive World Migration?

Timothy Hatton and Jeffrey Williamson

9158: Liquidity, Efficiency and Bank Bailouts

Gary Gorton and Lixin Huang

9157: Does Managerial 'Outsourcing' Reduce Expense Preference Behavior? A Comparison of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Contract-Management in US Hospitals

Kathleen Carey and Avi Dor

9156: The Market for Corporate Law

Oren Bar-Gill, Michal Barzuza and Lucian Bebchuk

9155: The Welfare Implications of Increasing Disability Insurance Benefit Generosity

John Bound, Julie Cullen, Austin Nichols and Lucie Schmidt

9154: International Reserve Holdings with Sovereign Risk and Costly Tax Collection

Joshua Aizenman and Nancy Marion

9153: The Social Multiplier

Edward Glaeser, Bruce Sacerdote and Jose Scheinkman

9152: Estimates from a Consumer Demand System: Implications for the Incidence of Environmental Taxes

Sarah West and Roberton Williams

9151: Do Mergers Lead to Monopoly in the Long Run? Results from the Dominant Firm Model

Gautam Gowrisankaran and Thomas Holmes

9150: The Injustice of Inequality

Edward Glaeser and Andrei Shleifer

9149: The New York School vs. the School of Paris: Who Really Made the Most Important Art After World War II?

David Galenson

9148: Health Insurance Coverage and the Disability Insurance Application Decision

Jonathan Gruber and Jeffrey Kubik

9147: Crises in the Global Economy from Tulips to Today: Contagion and Consequences

Larry Neal and Marc Weidenmier

9146: The Illiquidity Puzzle: Theory and Evidence from Private Equity

Josh Lerner and Antoinette Schoar

9145: Using Heteroscedasticity to Estimate the Returns to Education

Vincent Hogan and Roberto Rigobon

9144: Household Demand for Employer-Based Health Insurance

Jean Marie Abraham, William Vogt and Martin Gaynor

9143: Spurious Regressions in Financial Economics?

Wayne Ferson, Sergei Sarkissian and Timothy Simin

9142: Expected Bequests and Their Distribution

Michael Hurd and James Smith

9141: The Impact and Inefficiency of the Corporate Income Tax: Evidence from State Organizational Form Data

Austan Goolsbee

9140: The Effects of Subjective Survival on Retirement and Social Security Claiming

Michael Hurd, James Smith and Julie Zissimopoulos

9139: The Effect of Changes in Drug Utilization on Labor Supply and Per Capita Output

Frank Lichtenberg

9138: Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which is Better?

Ross Levine

9137: Banking Panics and the Origin of Central Banking

Gary Gorton and Lixin Huang

9136: Tax Distortions and Global Climate Policy

Mustafa H. Babiker, Gilbert Metcalf and John Reilly

9135: '3rd of tha Month': Do Social Security Recipients Smooth Consumption Between Checks?

Melvin Stephens

9134: In Search of the Holy Grail: Policy Convergence, Experimentation, and Economic Performance

Sharun Mukand and Dani Rodrik

9133: The Measured Black-White Wage Gap Among Women is Too Small

Derek Neal

9132: Optimal Long-Run Fiscal Policy: Constraints, Preferences and the Resolution of Uncertainty

Alan Auerbach and Kevin Hassett

9131: Investor Behavior and the Purchase of Company Stock in 401(k) Plans - The Importance of Plan Design

Nellie Liang and Scott Weisbenner

9130: Modeling Health Insurance Expansions: Effects of Alternate Approaches

Dahlia K. Remler, Joshua Graff Zivin and Sherry A. Glied

9129: Feasible Globalizations

Dani Rodrik

9128: Wealth Portfolios in the UK and the US

James Banks, Richard Blundell and James Smith

9127: Has the Business Cycle Changed and Why?

James Stock and Mark Watson

9126: Does Confidential Proxy Voting Matter?

Roberta Romano

9125: Optimal Pollution Abatement - Whose Benefits Matter, and How Much?

Wayne Gray and Ron Shadbegian

9124: Institutional Causes, Macroeconomic Symptoms: Volatility, Crises and Growth

Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James Robinson and Yunyong Thaicharoen

9123: Careers and Canvases: The Rise of the Market for Modern Art in the Nineteenth Century

David Galenson and Robert Jensen

9122: Foreign Entry into U.S. Manufacturing by Takeovers and the Creation of New Firms

Robert Lipsey and Zadia Feliciano

9121: Knowledge Creation and Control in Organizations

Diego Puga and Daniel Trefler

9120: The Link Between Aggregate and Micro Productivity Growth: Evidence from Retail Trade

Lucia Foster, John Haltiwanger and C.J. Krizan

9119: The Declining Effects of OSHA Inspections on Manufacturing Injuries: 1979 to 1998

Wayne Gray and John Mendeloff

9118: Exchange Rates and Adjustment: Perspectives from the New Open Economy Macroeconomics

Maurice Obstfeld

9117: When Economic Reform Goes Wrong: Cashews in Mozambique

Margaret McMillan, Dani Rodrik and Karen Horn Welch

9116: Sharpening Sharpe Ratios

William Goetzmann, Jonathan Ingersoll, Matthew I. Spiegel and Ivo Welch

9115: International Joint Ventures and the Boundaries of the Firm

Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and James Hines

9114: The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Treaties

Suzanne Scotchmer

9113: Market Size Matters

Jeffrey Campbell and Hugo Hopenhayn

9112: From Sectoral to Functional Urban Specialization

Gilles Duranton and Diego Puga

9111: Understanding Mutual Fund and Hedge Fund Styles Using Return Based Style Analysis

Arik Ben Dor and Ravi Jagannathan

9110: Importing Equality? The Impact of Globalization on Gender Discrimination

Sandra Black and Elizabeth Brainerd

9109: Entrepreneurship

Edward Lazear

9108: Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence From Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data

Enrico Moretti

9107: Firms' Decisions Where to Incorporate

Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen

9106: Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development

William Easterly and Ross Levine

9105: How Prevalent is Tax Arbitrage? Evidence from the Market for Municipal Bonds

Merle Erickson, Austan Goolsbee and Edward Maydew

9104: R&D, Implementation and Stagnation: A Schumpeterian Theory of Convergence Clubs

Peter Howitt and David Mayer-Foulkes

9103: Dynamic Asset Allocation With Event Risk

Jun Liu, Francis Longstaff and Jun Pan

9102: Bank Panics and the Endogeneity of Central Banking

Gary Gorton and Lixin Huang

9101: Currency Returns, Institutional Investor Flows, and Exchange Rate Fundamentals

Kenneth Froot and Tarun Ramadorai

9100: Capital Account Liberalization and Economic Performance: Survey and Synthesis

Hali Edison, Michael Klein, Luca Ricci and Torsten Sloek

9099: An Intergenerational Model of Domestic Violence

Robert Pollak

9098: Socioeconomic Status and Health: Why is the Relationship Stronger for Older Children?

Janet Currie and Mark Stabile

9097: An Assessment of the Proposals of the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security

Peter Diamond and Peter Orszag

9096: Does It Pay to Work?

Jagadeesh Gokhale, Laurence Kotlikoff and Oleksiy Sluchynsky

9095: How Do Large Depreciations Affect Firm Performance?

Kristin Forbes

9094: Using Mandated Speed Limits to Measure the Value of a Statistical Life

Orley Ashenfelter and Michael Greenstone

9093: Is There an Effect of Incremental Welfare Benefits on Fertility Behavior? A Look at the Family Cap

Melissa Kearney

9092: Annuities for an Ageing World

Olivia Mitchell and David McCarthy

9091: Does Contracting Out Increase the Efficiency of Government Programs? Evidence from Medicaid HMOs

Mark Duggan

9090: The Impact of Internet Subsidies in Public Schools

Austan Goolsbee and Jonathan Guryan

9089: Law, Endowment, and Finance

Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

9088: Why Do School District Budget Referenda Fail?

Ronald Ehrenberg, Randy A. Ehrenberg, Christopher Smith and Liang Zhang

9087: Defining Benchmark Status: An Application using Euro-Area Bonds

Peter Dunne, Michael Moore and Richard Portes

9086: Trade with Labor Market Distortions and Heterogeneous Labor: Why Trade Can Hurt

Kala Krishna, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Cemile Yavas

9085: Measuring Prices and Price Competition Online: Amazon and Barnes and Noble

Austan Goolsbee and Judith Chevalier

9084: The Price Level, the Quantity Theory of Money, and the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level

David Gordon and Eric Leeper

9083: Learning-By-Doing Vs. On-the-Job Training: Using Variation Induced by the EITC to Distinguish Between Models of Skill Formation

James Heckman, Lance Lochner and Ricardo Cossa

9082: Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence

Thorsten Beck and Ross Levine

9081: Work and Play: International Evidence of Gender Equality in Employment and Sports

Michael Klein

9080: Currency Returns, Institutional Investor Flows, and Exchange Rate Fundamentals

Kenneth Froot and Tarun Ramadorai

9079: Decomposing the Persistence of International Equity Flows

Kenneth Froot and Jessica D. Tjornhom

9078: The Case Against Board Veto in Corporate Takeovers

Lucian Bebchuk

9077: Competitive Equilibria With Limited Enforcement

Patrick Kehoe and Fabrizio Perri

9076: The Home Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns

Gordon Hanson and Chong Xiang

9075: Foreign Currency for Long-Term Investors

John Campbell, Luis Viceira and Joshua S. White

9074: Education, Poverty, Political Violence and Terrorism: Is There a Causal Connection?

Alan Krueger and Jitka Maleckova

9073: Price Uncertainty, Tax Policy, and Addiction: Evidence and Implications

Mark Coppejans and Holger Sieg

9072: Optimal Currency Areas

Alberto Alesina, Robert Barro and Silvana Tenreyro

9071: The Long Run Importance of School Quality

Eric Hanushek

9070: Institutional Allocation In Initial Public Offerings: Empirical Evidence

Reena Aggarwal, Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala and Manju Puri

9069: Some Evidence on the Importance of Sticky Prices

Mark Bils and Pete Klenow

9068: Managerial Power and Rent Extraction in the Design of Executive Compensation

Lucian Bebchuk, Jesse M. Fried and David I. Walker

9067: Intertemporal State Budgeting

Bruce Baker, Daniel Besendorfer and Laurence Kotlikoff

9066: Distance to Frontier, Selection, and Economic Growth

Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion and Fabrizio Zilibotti

9065: How's Life? Combining Individual and National Variables to Explain Subjective Well-Being

John Helliwell

9064: Academic Earmarks and the Returns to Lobbying

John M. de Figueiredo and Brian Silverman

9063: Empirical Analysis of Policy Interventions

Eric Leeper and Tao Zha

9062: Identifying the Efficacy of Central Bank Interventions: The Australian Case

Jonathan Kearns and Roberto Rigobon

9061: Carrots, Sticks and Broken Windows

Hope Corman and Naci Mocan