NBER Working Papers

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7709: Time Limits and Welfare Use

Jeffrey Grogger

7708: Optimal Income Transfer Programs: Intensive Versus Extensive Labor Supply Responses

Emmanuel Saez

7707: The Distribution of Payroll and Income Tax Burdens, 1979-1999

Andrew Mitrusi and James Poterba

7706: In Search of New Foundations

Luigi Zingales

7705: Information Production and Capital Allocation: Decentralized vs. Hierarchical Firms

Jeremy Stein

7704: The Pace of Progress at Superfund Sites: Policy Goals and Interest Group Influence

Hilary Sigman

7703: Marijuana and Youth

Rosalie Pacula, Michael Grossman, Frank Chaloupka, P. M. O'Malley, Lloyd D. Johnston and Matthew C. Farrelly

7702: Trade Implies Law: The Power of the Weak

James Anderson and Leslie Young

7701: Measuring Real Economic Effects of Bailouts: Historical Perspectives on How Countries in Financial Distress Have Fared With and Without Bailouts

Michael Bordo and Anna Schwartz

7700: Foreign Direct Investments in Services and the Domestic Market for Expertise

James Markusen, Thomas Rutherford and David Tarr

7699: Estimation Risk, Market Efficiency, and the Predictability of Returns

Jonathan Lewellen and Jay Shanken

7698: Merit Motives and Government Intervention: Public Finance in Reverse

Casey Mulligan and Tomas Philipson

7697: The Changing Structure of Wages in the US and Germany: What Explains the Differences?

Paul Beaudry and David Green

7696: State-Owned Enterprises, Shirking and Trade Liberalization

Madanmohan Ghosh and John Whalley

7695: Quantifying Quality Growth

Mark Bils and Pete Klenow

7694: Credit Constraints in the Market for Consumer Durables: Evidence from Micro Data on Car Loans

Orazio Attanasio, Pinelopi Goldberg and Aikaterini Kyriazidou

7693: FDI in the Restructuring of the Japanese Economy

Magnus Blomstrom, Denise Konan and Robert Lipsey

7692: The Impact of Maternal Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use on Children's Behavior Problems: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey

Pinka Chatterji and Sara Markowitz

7691: Mothers and Others: Who Invests in Children's Health?

Anne Case and Christina Paxson

7690: Building and Delivering the Virtual World: Commercializing Services for Internet Access

Shane Greenstein

7689: Did U.S. Bank Supervisors Get Tougher During the Credit Crunch? Did They Get Easier During the Banking Boom? Did It Matter to Bank Lending?

Allen Berger, Margaret Kyle and Joseph M. Scalise

7688: Plants and Productivity in International Trade

Andrew Bernard, Jonathan Eaton, J. Bradford Jenson and Samuel Kortum

7687: Forecasting Crashes: Trading Volume, Past Returns and Conditional Skewness in Stock Prices

Joseph Chen, Harrison Hong and Jeremy Stein

7686: Youths at Nutritional Risk: Malnourished or Misnourished?

Jay Bhattacharya and Janet Currie

7685: Does Distance Still Matter? The Information Revolution in Small Business Lending

Mitchell Petersen and Raghuram Rajan

7684: The Information Technology Revolution and the Stock Market: Evidence

Bart Hobijn and Boyan Jovanovic

7683: Selling Company Shares to Reluctant Employees: France Telecom's Experience

Francois Degeorge, Dirk Jenter, Alberto Moel and Peter Tufano

7682: The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior

Brigitte Madrian and Dennis F. Shea

7681: Price Level Convergence Among United States Cities: Lessons for the European Central Bank

Stephen Cecchetti, Nelson Mark and Robert Sonora

7680: Can Monopoly Unionism Explain Publicly Induced Retirement?

Casey Mulligan

7679: Induced Retirement, Social Security, and the Pyramid Mirage

Casey Mulligan

7678: Human Capital, Heterogeneity, and Estimated Degrees of Intergenerational Mobility

Song Han and Casey Mulligan

7677: Theoretical Analysis Regarding a Zero Lower Bound on Nominal Interest Rates

Bennett McCallum

7676: The Determinants of Punishment: Deterrence, Incapacitation and Vengeance

Edward Glaeser and Bruce Sacerdote

7675: The Cost Channel of Monetary Transmission

Marvin J. Barth and Valerie Ramey

7674: Demand Side Considerations and the Trade and Wages Debate

Lisandro Abrego and John Whalley

7673: The Demand for Medical Care in Urban China

Naci Mocan, Erdal Tekin and Jeffrey Zax

7672: The Timing of Purchases and Aggregate Fluctuations

John Leahy and Joseph Zeira

7671: Information and Globalization: Wage Co-Movements, Labor Demand Elasticity, and Conventional Trade Liberalization

James Rauch and Vitor Trindade

7670: Games Daughters and Parents Play: Teenage Childbearing, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers

Lingxin Hao, V. Joseph Hotz and Ginger Zhe Jin

7669: Tax Externalities of Equity Mutual Funds

John B. Shoven, Joel Dickson and Clemens Sialm

7668: Understanding the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level

Lawrence Christiano and Terry Fitzgerald

7667: Medicaid Expansions and Welfare Contractions: Offsetting Effects on Prenatal Care and Infant Health?

Janet Currie and Jeffrey Grogger

7666: Parental Employment and Child Cognitive Development

Christopher Ruhm

7665: Monetary Policy in the Open Economy Revisited: Price Setting and Exchange Rate Flexibility

Michael Devereux and Charles Engel

7664: The Transition Economies After Ten Years

Stanley Fischer and Ratna Sahay

7663: Estate Taxes and Charitable Bequests by the Wealthy

David Joulfaian

7662: The Significance of Federal Taxes as Automatic Stabilizers

Alan Auerbach and Daniel Feenberg

7661: Evaluating the Specification Errors of Asset Pricing Models

Robert Hodrick and Xiaoyan Zhang

7660: Financial Contracting Theory Meets the Real World: An Empirical Analysis of Venture Capital Contracts

Steven Kaplan and Per Stromberg

7659: Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities are not Valid Measures of Financing Constraints

Steven Kaplan and Luigi Zingales

7658: Dropout and Enrollment Trends in the Post-War Period: What Went Wrong in the 1970s?

David Card and Thomas Lemieux

7657: Free Trade and Global Warming: A Trade Theory View of the Kyoto Protocol

Brian Copeland and M. Scott Taylor

7656: The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College-Test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project STAR

Alan Krueger and Diane Whitmore

7655: Can Falling Supply Explain the Rising Return to College for Younger Men? A Cohort-Based Analysis

David Card and Thomas Lemieux

7654: Neutralizing the Adverse Industry Impacts of CO2 Abatement Policies: What Does it Cost?

Lans Bovenberg and Lawrence H. Goulder

7653: The Bail-In Problem: Systematic Goals, Ad Hoc Means

Barry Eichengreen and Christof Ruehl

7652: Aggregate Price Shocks and Financial Instability: An Historical Analysis

Michael Bordo, Michael Dueker and David Wheelock

7651: Social Security Incentives for Retirement

Courtney Coile and Jonathan Gruber

7650: American Living Standards, 1888-1994: Evidence From Consumer Expenditures

Dora Costa

7649: Horizontal Equity: New Measures, Unclear Principles

Louis Kaplow

7648: Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy Introduction

Carlo Carraro and Gilbert Metcalf

7647: What Have We Learned from the Reagan Deficits and Their Disappearance?

Benjamin M. Friedman

7646: Economic Reforms and Labor Markets: Policy Issues and Lessons from Chile

Sebastian Edwards and Alejandra Cox Edwards

7645: Controls on Capital Inflows: Do they Work?

Jose De Gregorio, Sebastian Edwards and Rodrigo Valdés

7644: Capital Gains Taxes and Stock Reactions to Quarterly Earnings Announcements

Jennifer L. Blouin, Jana Smith Raedy and Douglas Shackelford

7643: Universities as Research Partners

Bronwyn Hall, Albert Link and John Scott

7642: Trade and the Rate of Income Convergence

Dan Ben-David and Ayal Kimhi

7641: Ohlin Versus Stolper-Samuelson?

Douglas Irwin

7640: Could the U.S. Iron Industry Have Survived Free Trade After the Civil War?

Douglas Irwin

7639: Tariffs and Growth in Late Nineteenth Century America

Douglas Irwin

7638: How Did the United States Become a Net Exporter of Manufactured Goods?

Douglas Irwin

7637: Why Do Temporary Help Firms Provide Free General Skills Training?

David Autor

7636: Why Do the Poor Live in Cities?

Edward Glaeser, Matthew Kahn and Jordan Rappaport

7635: Foreign-Born Teaching Assistants and the Academic Performance of Undergraduates

George Borjas

7634: Contractibility and Asset Ownership: On-Board Computers and Governance in U.S. Trucking

George P. Baker and Thomas N. Hubbard

7633: Growth and Business Cycles

Larry Jones, Rodolfo Manuelli and Henry Siu

7632: When Did Globalization Begin?

Kevin O'Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson

7631: The Meaning of Patent Citations: Report on the NBER/Case-Western Reserve Survey of Patentees

Adam Jaffe, Manuel Trajtenberg and Michael S. Fogarty

7630: From Benign Neglect to Malignant Preoccupation: U.S. Balance-of-Payments Policy in the 1960s

Barry Eichengreen

7629: Dimensions of Credit Risk and Their Relationship to Economic Capital Requirements

Mark Carey

7628: Using Elasticities to Derive Optimal Income Tax Rates

Emmanuel Saez

7627: What has Welfare Reform Accomplished? Impacts on Welfare Participation, Employment, Income, Poverty, and Family Structure

Robert Schoeni and Rebecca Blank

7626: Taxes, High-Income Executives, and the Perils of Revenue Estimation in the New Economy

Austan Goolsbee

7625: Trading Volume: Definitions, Data Analysis, and Implications of Portfolio Theory

Andrew Lo and Jiang W. Wang

7624: Can Subsidies for MARs be Procompetitive?

Kala Krishna, Suddhasatwa Roy and Marie Thursby

7623: Outward FDI and Parent Exports and Employment: Japan, the United States, and Sweden

Robert Lipsey, Eric Ramstetter and Magnus Blomstrom

7622: Pricing Upward-Only Adjusting Leases

Brent Ambrose, Patric Hendershott and Malgorzata M. Klosek

7621: The Determinants of Trust

Alberto Alesina and Eliana La Ferrara

7620: Government Ownership of Banks

Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopezde-Silanes and Andrei Shleifer

7619: Horatio Alger Meets the Mobility Tables

Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Harvey Rosen and Robert Weathers

7618: Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Countries

Frederic Mishkin

7617: Monetary Policy Strategies for Latin America

Frederic Mishkin and Miguel A. Savastano

7616: Federalism with and without Political Centralization: China versus Russia

Olivier Blanchard and Andrei Shleifer

7615: Covariance Risk, Mispricing, and the Cross Section of Security Returns

Kent Daniel, David Hirshleifer and Avanidhar Subrahmanyam

7614: Using Options to Divide Value in Corporate Bankruptcy

Lucian Bebchuk

7613: Foundations of Technical Analysis: Computational Algorithms, Statistical Inference, and Empirical Implementation

Andrew Lo, Harry Mamaysky and Jiang Wang

7612: The Influence of Federal Laboratory R&D on Industrial Research

James Adams, Eric Chiang and Jeffrey L. Jensen

7611: Low Wage Services: Interpreting the US - German Difference

Richard Freeman and Ronald Schettkat

7610: Skill Compression, Wage Differentials and Employment: Germany vs. the US

Richard Freeman and Ronald Schettkat