NBER Working Papers

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16479: How Big (Small?) are Fiscal Multipliers?

Ethan Ilzetzki, Enrique Mendoza and Carlos Vegh

16478: Fiscal fragility: what the past may say about the future

Joshua Aizenman and Gurnain Pasricha

16477: U.S. Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the 1930s

Price Fishback

16476: Institutional Requirements for Effective Imposition of Fines

Anne Piehl and Geoffrey Williams

16475: Can Militants Use Violence to Win Public Support? Evidence from the Second Intifada

David Jaeger, Esteban Klor, Sami H. Miaari and M. Daniele Paserman

16474: Estimating Marginal Returns to Education

Pedro Carneiro, James Heckman and Edward Vytlacil

16473: Do Entry Regulations Deter Entrepreneurship and Job Creation? Evidence from Recent Reforms in Portugal

Lee Branstetter, Francisco Lima, Lowell Taylor and Ana Venâncio

16472: International Migration and Human Rights

Gordon Hanson

16471: Birth Rates and Border Crossings: Latin American Migration to the US, Canada, Spain, and the UK

Gordon Hanson and Craig McIntosh

16470: Why Isn't Mexico Rich?

Gordon Hanson

16469: On the Correlation Structure of Microstructure Noise: A Financial Economic Approach

Francis Diebold and Georg Strasser

16468: Noise as Information for Illiquidity

Xing Hu, Jun Pan and Jiang Wang

16467: The Medical Care Costs of Obesity: An Instrumental Variables Approach

John Cawley and Chad Meyerhoefer

16466: The Taxation of Fuel Economy

James Sallee

16465: Bend It Like Beckham: Ethnic Identity and Integration

Alberto Bisin, Eleonora Patacchini, Thierry Verdier and Yves Zenou

16464: Stock Market Expectations of Dutch Households

Michael Hurd, Maarten van Rooij and Joachim Winter

16463: The Impact of College Education on Geographic Mobility: Identifying Education Using Multiple Components of Vietnam Draft Risk

Ofer Malamud and Abigail Wozniak

16462: Government, Openness and Finance: Past and Present

Panicos Demetriades and Peter Rousseau

16461: Understanding Transitory Rainfall Shocks, Economic Growth and Civil Conflict

Edward Miguel and Shanker Satyanath

16460: Arresting Banking Panics: Fed Liquidity Provision and the Forgotten Panic of 1929

Mark Carlson, Kris James Mitchener and Gary Richardson

16459: Globalization, Technology, and the Skill Premium: A Quantitative Analysis

Ariel Burstein and Jonathan Vogel

16458: How Does the U.S. Government Finance Fiscal Shocks?

Antje Berndt, Hanno Lustig and Sevin Yeltekin

16457: Estimation and Evaluation of Conditional Asset Pricing Models

Stefan Nagel and Kenneth Singleton

16456: Portfolio Allocation for Public Pension Funds

George Pennacchi and Mahdi Rastad

16455: On the Timing and Pricing of Dividends

Jules van Binsbergen, Michael W. Brandt and Ralph Koijen

16454: Decoding Inside Information

Lauren Cohen, Christopher Malloy and Lukasz Pomorski

16453: Policy Options for State Pension Systems and Their Impact on Plan Liabilities

Joshua Rauh and Robert Novy-Marx

16452: Financial Literacy, Schooling, and Wealth Accumulation

Jere Behrman, Olivia Mitchell, Cindy Soo and David Bravo

16451: Preventing a National Debt Explosion

Martin Feldstein

16450: The Funding Status of Retiree Health Plans in the Public Sector

Robert Clark and Melinda Morrill

16449: You've Earned It: Combining Field and Lab Experiments to Estimate the Impact of Human Capital on Social Preferences

Pamela Jakiela, Edward Miguel and Vera te Velde

16448: Detecting Discrimination in Audit and Correspondence Studies

David Neumark

16447: From the Great Moderation to the global crisis: Exchange market pressure in the 2000s

Joshua Aizenman, Jaewoo Lee and Vladyslav Sushko

16446: Chinese Firm and Industry Reactions to Antidumping Initiations and Measures

Chunding Li and John Whalley

16445: An International Comparison of Capital Structure and Debt Maturity Choices

Joseph P.H. Fan, Sheridan Titman and Garry Twite

16444: Child-Adoption Matching: Preferences for Gender and Race

Mariagiovanna Baccara, Allan Collard-Wexler, Leonardo Felli and Leeat Yariv

16443: Growth Through Heterogeneous Innovations

Ufuk Akcigit and William Kerr

16442: Public Pension Funding in Practice

Alicia Munnell, Jean-Pierre Aubry and Laura Quinby

16441: Subjective Well-Being, Income, Economic Development and Growth

Daniel Sacks, Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers

16440: Climate and Civil War: Is the Relationship Robust?

Marshall Burke, John Dykema, David Lobell, Edward Miguel and Shanker Satyanath

16439: Immigration, Offshoring and American Jobs

Gianmarco Ottaviano, Giovanni Peri and Greg Wright

16438: Estimating Dynamic Discrete Choice Models with Hyperbolic Discounting, with an Application to Mammography Decisions

Hanming Fang and Yang Wang

16437: Friends in High Places

Lauren Cohen and Christopher Malloy

16436: The Gender Gap Cracks Under Pressure: A Detailed Look at Male and Female Performance Differences During Competitions

Christopher Cotton, Frank McIntyre and Joseph Price

16435: Demography and Population Loss from Central Cities, 1950-2000

Leah Boustan and Allison Shertzer

16434: School Desegregation and Urban Change: Evidence from City Boundaries

Leah Boustan

16433: Making Savers Winners: An Overview of Prize-Linked Savings Products

Melissa Kearney, Peter Tufano, Jonathan Guryan and Erik Hurst

16432: The Chinese Corporate Savings Puzzle: A Firm-level Cross-country Perspective

Tamim Bayoumi, Hui Tong and Shang-Jin Wei

16431: Brand Loyalty, Generic Entry and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals in the Quarter Century After the 1984 Waxman-Hatch Legislation

Ernst R. Berndt and Murray L. Aitken

16430: How Do Immigrants Spend Time?: The Process of Assimilation

Daniel Hamermesh and Stephen Trejo

16429: Macroeconomics after the Crisis: Time to Deal with the Pretense-of-Knowledge Syndrome

Ricardo Caballero

16428: Financial Sector Regulation and Reforms in Emerging Markets: An Overview

Eswar Prasad

16427: Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia

Hanno Lustig, Nikolai Roussanov and Adrien Verdelhan

16426: Give Credit Where Credit Is Due: Tracing Value Added in Global Production Chains

Robert Koopman, William Powers, Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei

16425: Recent Findings on Trade and Inequality

Ann Harrison, John McLaren and Margaret McMillan

16424: The Great Diversification and its Undoing

Vasco Carvalho and Xavier Gabaix

16423: Variable Temptations and Black Mark Reputations

Christina Aperjis, Yali Miao and Richard Zeckhauser

16422: The Impact of Education on Health Knowledge

Duha Altindag, Colin Cannonier and Naci Mocan

16421: Tests of Hypotheses Arising in the Correlated Random Coefficient Model

James Heckman and Daniel A. Schmierer

16420: A New Keynesian Perspective on the Great Recession

Peter Ireland

16419: How Does the Market Use Citation Data? The Hirsch Index in Economics

Glenn Ellison

16418: The Effect of Shift Structure on Performance: The Role of Fatigue for Paramedics

Tanguy Brachet, Guy David and Reena Duseja

16417: Does Health Insurance Coverage Lead to Better Health and Educational Outcomes? Evidence from Rural China

Yuyu Chen and Ginger Zhe Jin

16416: Economics and Reality

Harald Uhlig

16415: Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal

Lara B. Aknin, Christopher Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John Helliwell, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire E. Ashton-James and Michael I. Norton

16414: Evaluating the Gifted Program of an Urban School District using a Modified Regression Discontinuity Design

Billie Davis, John Engberg, Dennis Epple, Holger Sieg and Ron Zimmer

16413: Regulation Versus Taxation

Alberto Alesina and Francesco Passarelli

16412: Estimating the Market-Perceived Monetary Policy Rule

James Hamilton, Seth Pruitt and Scott Borger

16411: Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents

Daron Acemoglu and Dan Cao

16410: Dynamics of Information Exchange in Endogenous Social Networks

Daron Acemoglu, Kostas Bimpikis and Asuman Ozdaglar

16409: Should Public Retirement Plans be Fully Funded?

Henning Bohn

16408: Unfit for Service: The Implications of Rising Obesity for U.S. Military Recruitment

John Cawley and Johanna Maclean

16407: Effects of the Financial Crisis and Great Recession on American Households

Michael Hurd and Susann Rohwedder

16406: The Impact of State Tax Subsidies for Private Long-Term Care Insurance on Coverage and Medicaid Expenditures

Gopi Goda

16405: Class Size and Class Heterogeneity

Giacomo De Giorgi, Michele Pellizzari and William Gui Woolston

16404: How did increased competition affect credit ratings?

Bo Becker and Todd Milbourn

16403: The Problem of the Commons: Still Unsettled After 100 Years

Robert Stavins

16402: Monetary Policy and Stock Market Booms

Lawrence Christiano, Cosmin Ilut, Roberto Motto and Massimo Rostagno

16401: Labor-Market Heterogeneity, Aggregation, and the Lucas Critique

Yongsung Chang, Sun-Bin Kim and Frank Schorfheide

16400: Financial Frictions and the Persistence of History: A Quantitative Exploration

Francisco Buera and Yongseok Shin

16399: Theoretical Notes on Bubbles and the Current Crisis

Alberto Martin and Jaume Ventura

16398: The Predictive Power of the Yield Curve across Countries and Time

Menzie Chinn and Kavan J. Kucko

16397: Risk, Uncertainty and Monetary Policy

Geert Bekaert, Marie Hoerova and Marco Lo Duca

16396: Inequality at Work: The Effect of Peer Salaries on Job Satisfaction

David Card, Alexandre Mas, Enrico Moretti and Emmanuel Saez

16395: Precautionary Hoarding of Liquidity and Inter-Bank Markets: Evidence from the Sub-prime Crisis

Viral Acharya and Ouarda Merrouche

16394: Liquidity Risk of Corporate Bond Returns: A Conditional Approach

Viral Acharya, Yakov Amihud and Sreedhar T. Bharath

16393: Is Quantity Theory Still Alive?

Pedro Teles and Harald Uhlig

16392: Asset Class Diversification and Delegation of Responsibilities between Central Banks and Sovereign Wealth Funds

Joshua Aizenman and Reuven Glick

16391: Are All Trade Protection Policies Created Equal? Empirical Evidence for Nonequivalent Market Power Effects of Tariffs and Quotas

Bruce Blonigen, Benjamin Liebman, Justin Pierce and Wesley Wilson

16390: Does a Leapfrogging Growth Strategy Raise Growth Rate? Some International Evidence

Zhi Wang, Shang-Jin Wei and Anna Wong

16389: The Asset Cost of Poor health

James Poterba, Steven Venti and David Wise

16388: A 'New Trade' Theory of GATT/WTO Negotiations

Ralph Ossa

16387: Salience Theory of Choice Under Risk

Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer

16386: Monetary Policy, Doubts and Asset Prices

Pierpaolo Benigno and Luigi Paciello

16385: Index Investment and Financialization of Commodities

Ke Tang and Wei Xiong

16384: Are Central Banks' Projections Meaningful?

Jordi Galí

16383: Implications of Middle School Behavior Problems for High School Graduation and Employment Outcomes of Young Adults: Estimation of a Recursive Model

Mustafa Karakus, David Salkever, Eric P. Slade, Nicholas Ialongo and Elizabeth Stuart

16382: Identifying Provider Prejudice in Healthcare

Amitabh Chandra and Doug Staiger

16381: How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence From Project STAR

Raj Chetty, John Friedman, Nathaniel Hilger, Emmanuel Saez, Diane Schanzenbach and Danny Yagan

16380: The End of the Great Depression 1939-41: Policy Contributions and Fiscal Multipliers

Robert Gordon and Robert Krenn