NBER Working Papers

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22562: Healthy-Time Measures of Health Outcomes and Healthcare Quality

Marguerite Burns and John Mullahy

22561: The Effects of the Early Retirement Age on Retirement Decisions

Dayanand Manoli and Andrea Weber

22560: Africa’s Prospects for Enjoying a Demographic Dividend

David Bloom, Michael Kuhn and Klaus Prettner

22559: Match or Mismatch? Automatic Admissions and College Preferences of Low- and High-Income Students

Jane Arnold Lincove and Kalena E. Cortes

22558: Do Low Levels of Blood Lead Reduce Children's Future Test Scores?

Anna Aizer, Janet Currie, Peter Simon and Patrick Vivier

22557: The Economic Consequences of the 1953 London Debt Agreement

Gregori Galofré-Vilà, Martin McKee, Christopher Meissner and David Stuckler

22556: Social Capital, Trust and Well-being in the Evaluation of Wealth

Kirk Hamilton, John Helliwell and Michael Woolcock

22555: The Outlook for U.S. Labor-Quality Growth

Canyon Bosler, Mary Daly, John Fernald and Bart Hobijn

22554: Smoke Gets in Your Eyes: Medical Marijuana Laws and Tobacco Use

Anna Choi, Dhaval Dave and Joseph J. Sabia

22553: Who Should Own and Control Urban Water Systems? Historical Evidence from England and Wales

Brian Beach, Werner Troesken and Nicola Tynan

22552: What Goes on Under the Hood? How Engineers Innovate in the Automotive Supply Chain

Susan Helper and Jennifer Kuan

22551: How Rigged Are Stock Markets?: Evidence From Microsecond Timestamps

Robert P. Bartlett, III and Justin McCrary

22550: Technology and Production Fragmentation: Domestic versus Foreign Sourcing

Teresa Fort

22549: Born with a Silver Spoon? Danish Evidence on Wealth Inequality in Childhood

Simon Boserup, Wojciech Kopczuk and Claus Kreiner

22548: Does Organizational Form Drive Competition? Evidence from Coffee Retailing

Brian Adams, Joshua Gans, Richard Hayes and Ryan Lampe

22547: Measuring Institutional Investors’ Skill from Their Investments in Private Equity

Daniel R. Cavagnaro, Berk A. Sensoy, Yingdi Wang and Michael Weisbach

22546: Heterogeneous Frictional Costs Across Industries in Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions

Bruce Blonigen and Donghyun Lee

22545: Attention Variation and Welfare: Theory and Evidence from a Tax Salience Experiment

Dmitry Taubinsky and Alex Rees-Jones

22544: Geographic Diversification and Banks’ Funding Costs

Ross Levine, Chen Lin and Wensi Xie

22543: Human Capital Investments and Expectations about Career and Family

Matthew Wiswall and Basit Zafar

22542: Are Publicly Insured Children Less Likely to be Admitted to Hospital than the Privately Insured (and Does it Matter)?

Diane Alexander and Janet Currie

22541: Long-Term Orientation and Educational Performance

David Figlio, Paola Giuliano, Umut Özek and Paola Sapienza

22540: Employment Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansions

Pauline Leung and Alexandre Mas

22539: Estimating Currency Misalignment Using the Penn Effect: It’s Not as Simple As It Looks

Yin-Wong Cheung, Menzie Chinn and Xin Nong

22538: The More We Die, The More We Sell? A Simple Test of the Home-Market Effect

Arnaud Costinot, Dave Donaldson, Margaret Kyle and Heidi Williams

22537: The Impact of Removing Tax Preferences for U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Production: Measuring Tax Subsidies by an Equivalent Price Impact Approach

Gilbert Metcalf

22536: Estimating Path Dependence in Energy Transitions

Kyle Meng

22535: From Chronic Inflation to Chronic Deflation: Focusing on Expectations and Liquidity Disarray Since WWII

Guillermo Calvo

22534: The Persistent Power of Behavioral Change: Long-Run Impacts of Temporary Savings Subsidies for the Poor

Simone Schaner

22533: The I Theory of Money

Markus Brunnermeier and Yuliy Sannikov

22532: Trophy Hunting vs. Manufacturing Energy: The Price-Responsiveness of Shale Gas

Richard Newell, Brian Prest and Ashley Vissing

22531: Early Effects of the 2010 Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Federal Disability Program Participation

Pinka Chatterji and Yue Li

22530: The Pros and Cons of Sick Pay Schemes: Testing for Contagious Presenteeism and Noncontagious Absenteeism Behavior

Stefan Pichler and Nicolas Ziebarth

22529: Price of Long-Run Temperature Shifts in Capital Markets

Ravi Bansal, Dana Kiku and Juan Ochoa

22528: Unintended Consequences of Rewards for Student Attendance: Results from a Field Experiment in Indian Classrooms

Sujata Visaria, Rajeev Dehejia, Melody M. Chao and Anirban Mukhopadhyay

22527: Risk Preferences and The Macro Announcement Premium

Hengjie Ai and Ravi Bansal

22526: How Do Voters Matter? Evidence from US Congressional Redistricting

Daniel Jones and Randall Walsh

22525: What Would it Take to Reduce US Greenhouse Gas Emissions 80% by 2050?

Geoffrey Heal

22524: Collective Intertemporal Choice: the Possibility of Time Consistency

Antony Millner and Geoffrey Heal

22523: Immunization and Moral Hazard: The HPV Vaccine and Uptake of Cancer Screening

Ali Moghtaderi and Avi Dor

22522: Can Natural Gas Save Lives? Evidence from the Deployment of a Fuel Delivery System in a Developing Country

Resul Cesur, Erdal Tekin and Aydogan Ulker

22521: The Rise in Life Expectancy, Health Trends among the Elderly, and the Demand for Care - A Selected Literature Review

Bjorn Lindgren

22520: Cash Flow Duration and the Term Structure of Equity Returns

Michael Weber

22519: Marketplace Plan Payment Options for Dealing with High-Cost Enrollees

Timothy Layton and Thomas G. McGuire

22518: The Marginal Propensity to Consume Over the Business Cycle

Tal Gross, Matthew Notowidigdo and Jialan Wang

22517: Family Descent as a Signal of Managerial Quality: Evidence from Mutual Funds

Oleg Chuprinin and Denis Sosyura

22516: Assessing Point Forecast Accuracy by Stochastic Error Distance

Francis Diebold and Minchul Shin

22515: Do Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities Provide Better Post-Acute Care Quality?

Momotazur Rahman, Edward Norton and David C. Grabowski

22514: The Opportunity Costs of Entrepreneurs in International Trade

Timothy Kehoe, Pau Pujolas and Kim Ruhl

22513: Life-Cycle Consumption Patterns at Older Ages in the US and the UK: Can Medical Expenditures Explain the Difference?

James Banks, Richard Blundell, Peter Levell and James Smith

22512: Augmenting the Human Capital Earnings Equation with Measures of Where People Work

Erling Barth, James Davis and Richard Freeman

22511: The Effects of Pre-Trial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges

Will Dobbie, Jacob Goldin and Crystal Yang

22510: Infrequent but Long-Lived Zero-Bound Episodes and the Optimal Rate of Inflation

Marc Dordal-i-Carreras, Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Johannes Wieland

22509: Optimal Domestic (and External) Sovereign Default

Pablo D'Erasmo and Enrique Mendoza

22508: Opening the Black Box of the Matching Function: the Power of Words

Ioana Marinescu and Ronald Wolthoff

22507: The Consequences of Spatially Differentiated Water Pollution Regulation in China

Zhao Chen, Matthew Kahn, Yu Liu and Zhi Wang

22506: On What States Do Prices Depend? Answers From Ecuador

Craig Benedict, Mario Crucini and Anthony Landry

22505: The Elusive Costs of Inflation: Price Dispersion during the U.S. Great Inflation

Emi Nakamura, Jon Steinsson, Patrick Sun and Daniel Villar

22504: Taking the Measure of a Fatal Drug Epidemic

Christopher Ruhm

22503: Designing Nonlinear Price Schedules for Urban Water Utilities to Balance Revenue and Conservation Goals

Frank A. Wolak

22502: Charter Schools and Labor Market Outcomes

Will S. Dobbie and Roland Fryer

22501: The Economic Impact of Universities: Evidence from Across the Globe

Anna Valero and John van Reenen

22500: Venture Capital Data: Opportunities and Challenges

Steven Kaplan and Josh Lerner

22499: Analyzing the Impact of the World’s Largest Public Works Project on Crime

Satadru Das and Naci Mocan

22498: Multinational Firms and International Business Cycle Transmission

Javier Cravino and Andrei Levchenko

22497: Union Army Veterans, All Grown Up

Dora Costa, Heather DeSomer, Eric Hanss, Christopher Roudiez, Sven E. Wilson and Noelle Yetter

22496: Wage Flexibility and Employment Fluctuations: Evidence from the Housing Sector

Jorn-Steffen Pischke

22495: Does Rosie Like Riveting? Male and Female Occupational Choices

Grace Lordan and Jorn-Steffen Pischke

22494: Level versus Variability Trade-offs in Wind and Solar Generation Investments: The Case of California

Frank A. Wolak

22493: Do Private Equity Funds Manipulate Reported Returns?

Gregory W. Brown, Oleg R. Gredil and Steven Kaplan

22492: Why Does Idiosyncratic Risk Increase with Market Risk?

Söhnke Bartram, Gregory Brown and René Stulz

22491: The Morale Effects of Pay Inequality

Emily Breza, Supreet Kaur and Yogita Shamdasani

22490: Paralyzed by Fear: Rigid and Discrete Pricing under Demand Uncertainty

Cosmin Ilut, Rosen Valchev and Nicolas Vincent

22489: Understanding the Gains from Wage Flexibility: The Exchange Rate Connection

Jordi Galí and Tommaso Monacelli

22488: Gender Differences in Cooperative Environments? Evidence from the U.S. Congress

Stefano Gagliarducci and M. Daniele Paserman

22487: Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness

Steven Levitt

22486: Peer Information and Risk-taking under Competitive and Non-competitive Pay Schemes

Philip Brookins, Jennifer Brown and Dmitry Ryvkin

22485: Macro-Finance

John Cochrane

22484: Grounded by Gravity: A Well-Behaved Trade Model with Industry-Level Economies of Scale

Konstantin Kucheryavyy, Gary Lyn and Andres Rodriguez-Clare

22483: Start-up Nation? Slave Wealth and Entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland

Felipe González, Guillermo Marshall and Suresh Naidu

22482: The Deregularization of Land Titles

Sebastian Galiani and Ernesto Schargrodsky

22481: Is Optimal Capital-Control Policy Countercyclical In Open-Economy Models With Collateral Constraints?

Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe and Martín Uribe

22480: The Effects of School Desegregation on Mixed-Race Births

Nora Gordon and Sarah Reber

22479: Measuring Aggregate Price Indexes with Taste Shocks: Theory and Evidence for CES Preferences

Stephen Redding and David Weinstein

22478: The Evolution of Physician Practice Styles: Evidence from Cardiologist Migration

David Molitor

22477: Analyst Promotions within Credit Rating Agencies: Accuracy or Bias?

Darren J. Kisgen, Matthew Osborn and Jonathan Reuter

22476: The FinTech Opportunity

Thomas Philippon

22475: International Evidence on Long Run Money Demand

Luca Benati, Robert Lucas, Juan Pablo Nicolini and Warren Weber

22474: The Gap within the Gap: Using Longitudinal Data to Understand Income Differences in Student Achievement

Katherine Michelmore and Susan Dynarski

22473: Depreciation of Business R&D Capital

Wendy C.Y. Li and Bronwyn Hall

22472: Dynamic Effects of Teacher Turnover on the Quality of Instruction

Eric Hanushek, Steven Rivkin and Jeffrey Schiman

22471: Tobacco Regulation and Cost-Benefit Analysis: How Should We Value Foregone Consumer Surplus?

Helen Levy, Edward Norton and Jeffrey Smith

22470: Cognitive Performance and Labor Market Outcomes

Dajun Lin, Randall Lutter and Christopher Ruhm

22469: Does “Ban the Box” Help or Hurt Low-Skilled Workers? Statistical Discrimination and Employment Outcomes When Criminal Histories are Hidden

Jennifer Doleac and Benjamin Hansen

22468: External and Internal Validity of a Geographic Quasi-Experiment Embedded in Cluster-Randomized Experiment

Sebastian Galiani, Patrick McEwan and Brian Quistorff

22467: Buffering Volatility: A Study on the Limits of Germany’s Energy Revolution

Hans-Werner Sinn

22466: The Holders and Issuers of International Portfolio Securities

Vahagn Galstyan, Philip Lane, Caroline Mehigan and Rogelio Mercado

22465: The Scandinavian Fantasy: The Sources of Intergenerational Mobility in Denmark and the U.S

Rasmus Landersø and James Heckman

22464: Does Disease Cause Vaccination? Disease Outbreaks and Vaccination Response

Emily Oster

22463: Banking the Unbanked? Evidence From Three Countries

Pascaline Dupas, Dean Karlan, Jonathan Robinson and Diego Ubfal