NBER Working Papers

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33462: Student Loan Forgiveness

Michael Dinerstein, Samuel Earnest, Dmitri K. Koustas and Constantine Yannelis

33461: Sex-Based Wage Gaps in Nursing

Pablo Estrada, Sara Markowitz and Alexia Witthaus

33460: Vanguard: Black Veterans and Civil Rights after World War I

Desmond Ang and Sahil Chinoy

33459: Reconciling Macroeconomics and Finance for the U.S. Corporate Sector: 1929 to Present

Andrew Atkeson, Jonathan Heathcote and Fabrizio Perri

33458: Local GDP Estimates Around the World

Esteban Rossi-Hansberg and Jialing Zhang

33457: The Therapeutic Consequences of the War: World War II and the 20th-Century Expansion of Biomedicine

Daniel Gross and Bhaven Sampat

33456: The Experimentalist Looks Within: Toward an Understanding of Within-Subject Experimental Designs

John List

33455: ESG Is The Most Polarizing Nonwage Amenity: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Brazil

Emanuele Colonnelli, Timothy McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter and Olivia Xiong

33454: A Test of Dominant Currency Hypothesis: Evidence From a Non-USD-non-Euro Country

Yushi Yoshida, Takatoshi Ito, Junko Shimizu, Kiyotaka Sato, Taiyo Yoshimi and Uraku Yoshimoto

33453: Spatial Economics for Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Gharad T. Bryan, Kyra Frye and Melanie Morten

33452: Rigidities in Transportation and Supply Chain Disruptions

Giulia Brancaccio, Myrto Kalouptsidi and Theodore Papageorgiou

33451: AI and Women's Employment in Europe

Stefania Albanesi, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo and Alena Wabitsch

33450: Moral Hazard among the Employed: Evidence from Regression Discontinuity

Jonas Jessen, Robin Jessen, Andrew Johnston and Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak

33449: Does Loan Securitization Expose Borrowers to Non-Bank Investor Shocks?—Evidence from Insurers

Abhishek Bhardwaj, Shan Ge and Saptarshi Mukherjee

33448: Childbirth and Firm Performance: Evidence from Norwegian Entrepreneurs

John Bonney, Luigi Pistaferri and Alessandra Voena

33447: The Hidden Toll of Airborne Lead: Infant Mortality Impacts of Industrial Lead Pollution

Karen Clay, Edson Severnini and Xiao Wang

33446: Did the Modern Mortgage Set the Stage for the U.S. Baby Boom?

Lisa Dettling and Melissa Kearney

33445: Why Workers Stay: Pay, Beliefs, and Attachment

Sydnee Caldwell, Ingrid Haegele and Jörg Heining

33444: Income Equality in The Nordic Countries: Myths, Facts, and Lessons

Magne Mogstad, Kjell G Salvanes and Gaute Torsvik

33443: Spatial Dynamics

Klaus Desmet and Fernando Parro

33442: Institutions, Technology and Prosperity

Daron Acemoglu

33441: A Neoclassical Model of the World Financial Cycle

Yan Bai, Patrick Kehoe, Pierlauro Lopez and Fabrizio Perri

33440: Do Inflation Expectations Become More Anchored During a Disinflation Episode? Evidence for Euro Area Firms

Ursel Baumann, Annalisa Ferrando, Dimitris Georgarakos, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Timo Reinelt

33439: The Role of Physician Altruism in the Physician-Industry Relationship: Evidence from Linking Experimental and Observational Data

Shan Huang, Jing Li and Anirban Basu

33438: Families’ Career Investments and Firms’ Promotion Decisions

Frederik Almar, Benjamin Friedrich, Ana Reynoso, Bastian Schulz and Rune Vejlin

33437: Divergent Paths: Differential Impacts of Minimum Wage Increases on Individuals with Disabilities

Jeffrey Clemens, Melissa Gentry and Jonathan Meer

33436: Quantitative Regional Economics

Treb Allen and Costas Arkolakis

33435: Capital Structure & Firm Outcomes: Evidence from Dividend Recapitalizations in Private Equity

Abhishek Bhardwaj, Abhinav Gupta and Sabrina T. Howell

33434: Market Macrostructure: Institutions and Asset Prices

Valentin Haddad and Tyler Muir

33433: Minimum Wage Laws and Job Search

Vitor C. Melo, Christopher Kaiser, David Neumark, Liya Palagashvili and Michael D. Farren

33432: The Potential of Public Employment Reallocation as a Place-Based Policy

Dimitria Freitas

33431: What Do Managers Do? An Economist's Perspective

Alan Benson and Kathryn Shaw

33430: Education and Dementia Risk

Silvia Barcellos, Leandro Carvalho, Kenneth Langa, Sneha Nimmagadda and Patrick Turley

33429: Health Insurance as Economic Stimulus? Evidence from Long-Term Care Jobs

Martin B. Hackmann, Jörg Heining, Roman Klimke, Maria Polyakova and Holger Seibert

33428: A Bayesian Assessment of the Origins of COVID-19 using Spatiotemporal and Zoonotic Data

Andrew Levin

33427: The Long-Run Effects of America's Largest Residential Racial Desegregation Program: Gautreaux

Eric Chyn, Robert Collinson and Danielle Sandler

33426: Trade Policy, Exchange Rates, and the Globalization Surge of the 1990s

Douglas Irwin

33425: Dynamic Scoring: A Progress Report on Why, When, and How

Douglas Elmendorf, Robert Hubbard and Heidi Williams

33424: Places versus People: The Ins and Outs of Labor Market Adjustment to Globalization

David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon Hanson, Maggie R. Jones and Bradley Setzler

33423: Monetary Policy Predicts Currency Movements

Söhnke Bartram, Mark Grinblatt and Yan Xu

33422: Causes and Extent of Increasing Partisan Segregation in the U.S. – Evidence from Migration Patterns of 212 Million Voters

Jacob R. Brown, Enrico Cantoni, Ryan Enos, Vincent Pons and Emilie Sartre

33421: Can Machines Learn Weak Signals?

Zhouyu Shen and Dacheng Xiu

33420: Dismantling the License Raj: The Long Road to India’s 1991 Trade Reforms

Douglas Irwin

33419: Wealth Tax Enforcement in Sweden: Filing Requirements and Pre-Populated Returns

Emmanuel Saez and David G. Seim

33418: Do Place-Based Industrial Interventions Help "Left-Behind" Workers? Lessons from WWII and Beyond

Andrew Garin

33417: Ancient Epics in the Television Age: Mass Media, Identity, and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism in India

Resuf Ahmed, Paul Brimble, Akhila Kovvuri, Alessandro Saia and Dean Yang

33416: The Long and Short of Financial Development

Douglas Diamond, Yunzhi Hu and Raghuram Rajan

33415: Declining Youth Well-being in 167 UN Countries. Does Survey Mode, or Question Matter?

David Blanchflower

33414: The Targeting of Place-Based Policies: The New Markets Tax Credit Versus Opportunity Zones

Kevin Corinth, David Coyne, Naomi Feldman and Craig Johnson

33413: Climate Transition Risks and the Energy Sector

Viral Acharya, Stefano Giglio, Stefano Pastore, Johannes Stroebel, Zhenhao Tan and Tiffany Yong

33412: Geographic Resolution in Environmental Policy: EPA's Shift from Regions to Counties Under the Clean Air Act

Maureen Cropper, Mengjia Hu, Yongjoon Park and Nicholas Muller

33411: Moral Hazard and the Sustainability of Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Chao Fu, Xiaomeng Li and Basit Zafar

33410: Sources of Market Power in Web Search: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Hunt Allcott, Juan Castillo, Matthew Gentzkow, Leon Musolff and Tobias Salz

33409: Environmental Migration and Race during the Great American Drought, 1935-1940

Christopher Sichko, Ariell Zimran and Aparna Howlader

33408: Housing Subsidies for Refugees: Experimental Evidence on Life Outcomes and Social Integration in Jordan

Abdulrazzak Tamim, Emma C. Smith, Bailey Palmer, Edward Miguel, Samuel Leone, Sandra Rozo and Sarah Stillman

33407: The Evolution of Unobserved Skill Returns in the U.S.: A New Approach Using Panel Data

Lance Lochner, Youngmin Park and Youngki Shin

33406: Financial Looting and Controls on Resident Outflows

Bo Li, Alessandro Rebucci and Hui Tong

33405: Does the Gender Wage Gap Actually Reflect Taste Discrimination Against Women?

Molly Maloney and David Neumark

33404: The Granular Origins of Inflation

Santiago Alvarez-Blaser, Raphael Auer, Sarah Lein and Andrei Levchenko

33403: Understanding Racial Disparities in Criminal Court Outcomes

Shawn Bushway, Andrew Jordan, Derek Neal and Steven Raphael

33402: Estimating the Economic and Budgetary Effects of Research Investments

Theresa Gullo, Benjamin Page, David Weiner and Heidi Williams

33401: Information and the Welfare Benefits from Differentiated Products

Imke Reimers, Christoph Riedl and Joel Waldfogel

33400: Have We Got News For You: Firm-Level Evidence on the Optimal Choice of Expected Capacity Utilization

Niklas Amberg, Richard Friberg and Chad Syverson

33399: Pricing Inequality

Simon Mongey and Michael Waugh

33398: Human Capital Impacts of In Utero Exposure to War Conflict in Afghanistan

Erkmen Aslim, Rafiuddin Najam and Erdal Tekin

33397: Optimal Estimation of Discrete Choice Demand Models with Consumer and Product Data

Paul L. E. Grieco, Charles Murry, Joris Pinkse and Stephan Sagl

33396: Bargaining and Inequality in the Labor Market

Sydnee Caldwell, Ingrid Haegele and Jörg Heining

33395: From Fiscal Deadlock to Financial Repression: Anatomy of a Fall

Olivier Jeanne

33394: Passing as White: Racial Identity and Old-Age Longevity

Hamid Noghanibehambari and Jason Fletcher

33393: Winning the Bread and Baking it Too: Gendered Frictions in the Allocation of Home Production

Kyle Hancock, Jeanne Lafortune and Corinne Low

33392: Crisis Bargaining with Collective Decision Making

Jeongbin Kim, Thomas Palfrey and Jeffrey Zeidel

33391: Toward an Understanding of Discrimination When Multiple Channels Exist

Majid Ahmadi, Gwen-Jirō Clochard, Jeff Lachman and John List

33390: Currency Development Through Liquidity Provision

Antonio Coppola, Arvind Krishnamurthy and Chenzi Xu

33389: How Test Optional Policies in College Admissions Disproportionately Harm High Achieving Applicants from Disadvantaged Backgrounds

Bruce Sacerdote, Doug Staiger and Michele Tine

33388: Is There Intersectional Labor Market Discrimination?

Joanne McLaughlin and David Neumark

33387: Do Behavioral Frictions Prevent Firms from Adopting Profitable Opportunities?

Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, Ulrike Malmendier and Waldo Ojeda

33386: Demographic Preferences and Income Segregation

Victor Couture, Jonathan Dingel, Allison E. Green and Jessie Handbury

33385: Fiscal Progressivity of the U.S. Federal and State Governments

Johannes Fleck, Jonathan Heathcote, Kjetil Storesletten and Giovanni Violante

33384: Rationalizing Firm Forecasts

Nicholas Bloom, Mihai Codreanu and Robert Fletcher

33383: Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work?

Zoe B. Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

33382: The Impact of World War II Army Service on Income and Mobility in the 1960s by Ethnoracial Group

Sergio E. Barrera, Andreas Ferrara, Price Fishback and Misty Heggeness

33381: Does Old Age Social Security Help Children? The Impact of Social Security on Grandchild Resources

Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard and Tara Watson

33380: Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Performance

Jarod T. Apperson, A. Nayena Blankson, Francesina Jackson, Angelino Viceisza, Bruce Wade and Jimmeka Guillory Wright

33379: Empirically Distinguishing Health Impacts of Transboundary and Domestic Air Pollution in Mixture

Jaecheol Lee, Andrew J. Wilson and Solomon M. Hsiang

33378: Drive Down the Cost: Learning by Doing and Government Policies in the Global EV Battery Industry

Panle Barwick, Hyuk-Soo Kwon, Shanjun Li and Nahim Bin Zahur

33377: Spatial Environmental Economics

Clare A. Balboni and Joseph Shapiro

33376: What is the General Welfare? Welfare Economic Perspectives on Prosperity and Equity

Charles Manski

33375: The Growth Dividend and Excess Interest

Danny Yagan

33374: Robust Fiscal Stabilization

Alan Auerbach and Danny Yagan

33373: American Life Histories

David Lagakos, Stelios Michalopoulos and Hans-Joachim Voth

33372: Racial Inequality in the Labor Market

Patrick Bayer, Kerwin Kofi Charles and Ellora Derenoncourt

33371: Welfare Effects of Buyer and Seller Power

Mert Demirer and Michael Rubens

33370: The Role of Digital Platforms in Shaping Tech Venture Innovation

Ginger Zhe Jin, Mario Leccese and Liad Wagman

33369: Mean Reversion in Randomized Controlled Trials: Implications for Program Targeting and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

Marcella Alsan, John Cawley, Joseph J. Doyle and Nicholas Skelley

33368: Valuing Solar Subsidies

Bryan Bollinger, Kenneth Gillingham and Justin Kirkpatrick

33367: Modernizing Access to Credit for Younger Entrepreneurs: From FICO to Cash Flow

Christopher M. Hair, Sabrina T. Howell, Mark J. Johnson and Siena Matsumoto

33366: We Are Not in a Gaussian World Anymore: Implications for the Composition of Official Foreign Assets

José Andrée Camarena, Juan Medina, Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

33365: A Different World: Enduring Effects of School Desegregation on Ideology and Attitudes

Ethan Kaplan, Jörg Spenkuch and Cody Tuttle

33364: Does Unilateral Decarbonization Pay For Itself?

Adrien Bilal and Diego Känzig

33363: AI-Powered (Finance) Scholarship

Robert Novy-Marx and Mihail Z. Velikov